Artificial Intelligence Augmentation: Performance of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 on the Plastic Surgery In-service Examination.

Background: ChatGPT-3.5 scored in the 52nd percentile of the Plastic Surgery In-service Examination, making its knowledge equivalent to a first-year integrated resident. The updated GPT-4 may have improved performance given its more expansive training set.

In-depth analysis of ChatGPT's performance based on specific signaling words and phrases in the question stem of 2377 USMLE step 1 style questions.

ChatGPT has garnered attention as a multifaceted AI chatbot with potential applications in medicine. Despite intriguing preliminary findings in areas such as clinical management and patient education, there remains a substantial knowledge gap in comprehensively understanding the chances and limitations of ChatGPT's capabilities, especially in medical test-taking and education. A total of n = 2,729 USMLE Step 1 practice questions were extracted from the Amboss question bank.

Bard Versus the 2022 American Society of Plastic Surgeons In-Service Examination: Performance on the Examination in Its Intern Year.

Background: Bard is a conversational generative artificial intelligence (AI) platform released by Google (Mountain View, CA) to the public in May 2023.

Objectives: This study investigates the performance of Bard on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) In-Service Examination to compare it to residents' performance nationally. We hypothesized that Bard would perform best on the comprehensive and core surgical principles portions of the examination.

Trends of Medicare reimbursement rates for gender affirmation procedures.

Background: While nearly 1 in 5 Americans receives health insurance coverage through Medicare, literature suggests that Medicare reimbursement is lagging behind inflation for many plastic surgery procedures.

Aim: This article evaluates trends in Medicare reimbursement for gender affirmation procedures.

Methods: The most common gender affirmation procedures performed at an urban academic medical center were identified in this cross-sectional study (level 4 evidence).

Modern Machiavelli? The illusion of ChatGPT-generated patient reviews in plastic and aesthetic surgery based on 9000 review classifications.

Background: Online patient reviews are crucial in guiding individuals who seek plastic surgery, but artificial chatbots pose a threat of disseminating fake reviews. This study aimed to compare real patient feedback with ChatGPT-generated reviews for the top five US plastic surgery procedures.

Methods: Thirty real patient reviews on rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, facelift, liposuction, and breast augmentation were collected from RealSelf and used as templates for ChatGPT to generate matching patient reviews.

Trends of Medicare Reimbursement Rates for Lower Extremity Procedures.

Background:  Data collected across many surgical specialties suggest that Medicare reimbursement for physicians consistently lags inflation. Studies are needed that describe reimbursement rates for lower extremity procedures. Our goal is to analyze the trends in Medicare reimbursement rates from 2010 to 2021 for both lower extremity amputation and salvage surgeries.

Pressure injuries in COVID-19 patients: A tertiary center experience.

Pressure ulcers continue to severely impact patient outcomes and increase health care costs. We aimed to examine the incidence and risk factors related to pressure ulcers among COVID-19 patients. A retrospective was conducted between March 2020-April 2021.

An Updated Review of Hypertrophic Scarring.

Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is an aberrant form of wound healing that is associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and connective tissue at the site of injury. In this review article, we provide an overview of normal (acute) wound healing phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling). We next discuss the dysregulated and/or impaired mechanisms in wound healing phases that are associated with HTS development.

Chondrolaryngoplasty with Endoscopic Direct Visualization of the Vocal Cords: Demonstration of Technique.

Chondrolaryngoplasty is a surgical procedure that reduces a prominent thyroid cartilage. Demand for chondrolaryngoplasty has significantly increased over recent years in transgender women and nonbinary individuals and has been shown to alleviate gender dysphoria and improve quality of life. When performing chondrolaryngoplasty, surgeons must carefully balance the desire for maximal cartilage reduction with the potential for damage to surrounding structures (ie, the vocal cords) that may result because of overaggressive or imprecise resection.

Gender-Affirmative Surgery: A Collaborative Approach between the Surgeon and Mental Health Professional.

Gender incongruence describes a condition in which an individual's gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth based on anatomic characteristics. Individuals with gender incongruence may request surgical interventions, and gender-affirmation surgery plays an important role for these individuals. The basis of care derives from principles elucidated in the Standards of Care, international guidelines that help inform clinical decision-making.

The Burden of COVID-19 on Surgeons' Financial Relationship with the Industry.

The healthcare system has been greatly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 payments between industry and medical providers for all surgeons and subspecialized surgeons. Payment information was obtained from the Open Payments Program database for the 2019 and 2020 reported periods for three physician groups: all physicians, all surgeons, and each surgical subspecialty.

Laryngochondroplasty: A Systematic Review of Safety, Satisfaction, and Surgical Techniques.

Background: Since first performed in 1975, two main surgical techniques for laryngochondroplasty have evolved: anatomical localization and direct endoscopic visualization. The aim of this study was to evaluate which method is safest and had the highest patient-reported satisfaction rates, and to determine whether these outcomes have changed over time.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed to find and analyze all medical publications related to laryngochondroplasty.

Comparative Benefits of Open versus Closed Reduction of Condylar Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Many fractures of the mandibular condylar neck are amenable to both open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and closed treatment. Clinical outcomes following these two modalities remains a topic of debate. This systematic review critically appraises the literature to compare them following these treatment options.

Nationwide Bibliometric Analysis of Integrated Plastic Surgery Program Directors.

Unlabelled: Studies have linked bibliometric indices with the academic level of plastic surgeons, but this relationship has not been explored with residency program directors (PDs). As teachers of the next generation, PDs' academic performance is an important component of residency program success. We sought to identify distinguishing characteristics of integrated plastic surgery programs, focusing on their PD bibliometric indices.

Cytotoxins: Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity and Impact on Inflammatory Responses.

is one of the most virulent opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in humans. It causes many acute and chronic infections with morbidity and mortality rates as high as 40%. owes its pathogenic versatility to a large arsenal of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors which enable this pathogen to colonize various niches within hosts and protect it from host innate immune defenses.

Underreporting of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Trauma: A 20-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Despite clinical concerns associated with pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they remain grossly underreported. This is the first retrospective study to characterize concomitant pediatric TBIs and craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma patients, including frequency, presentation, documentation, and outcomes.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective cohort study was performed to identify all pediatric patients presenting with CMF fractures at a high-volume, tertiary trauma center between the years 1990 and 2010.

Burden of Pressure Injuries: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Pressure injuries remain among the most common problems faced by plastic surgeons and comprise a large portion of wound clinic practice. However, little is known about the overall morbidity related to the disease. This research sought to identify the burden related to the diagnosis of pressure injuries.