Impact of Parenteral Ceftiofur on Developmental Dynamics of Early Life Fecal Microbiota and Antibiotic Resistome in Neonatal Lambs.

Early gut microbiome development is critical for neonatal health, and its dysbiosis may impact long-term animal productivity. This study examined the effects of parenteral Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid (CCFA) on the composition and diversity of the neonatal lamb fecal microbiome. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with CCFA exposure was also investigated.

Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Bovine Leukemia Virus Seropositivity in Florida Beef Cattle: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in beef cattle has received less attention than in dairy herds, despite its potential impact on the beef industry.

Objectives: To compare six different supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms used to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in beef cattle in Florida.

Animals: Retrospective study.

Using supervised machine learning algorithms to predict bovine leukemia virus seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida: A 10-year retrospective study.

Supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms are potentially powerful tools that may be used for screening cows for infectious diseases such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. Here, we compared six different SML algorithms to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida. We used a dataset of 1279 dairy blood sample records from the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory that were submitted for BLV antibody testing from 2012 to 2022.

Acaricidal Efficacy of Thirty-Five Egyptian Plants Against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii.

Purpose: Alternative and affordable tick control strategies are crucial to control and prevent tick bites and tick-borne diseases.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 35 aqueous plant extracts (17%) against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii.

Results: The phytochemical profile indicated the presence of various secondary substances.

Evaluation of the stress-reducing effect of trace mineral injection in beef calves.

Background: Little is known about the effects of trace mineral supplementation on the stress response in beef calves.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of injectable trace mineral supplementation (ITM) on the stress response in beef calves exposed to different types of stress.

Animals: Thirty weaned Angus and Angus crossbred calves.

Validation of a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for cattle serum and plasma progesterone measurement.

Introduction: Monitoring circulating progesterone concentration ([P4]) is an important component of basic and applied reproduction research and clinical settings. IMMULITE 2000 XPi (Siemens Healthineers, Cary, NC) is a newly upgraded fully automated immunoassay system marketed for human use to measure concentrations of different measurands including P4.

Objectives: Our objective was therefore to characterize the analytical performance of the IMMULITE 2000 XPi P4 immunoassay (IPI) across the reportable range in serum and plasma of cattle.

Analytical Validation of the IMMULITE 2000 XPi Progesterone Assay for Quantitative Analysis in Ovine Serum.

Monitoring circulating progesterone (P4) concentration is an important component of basic and applied reproduction research and clinical settings. IMMULITE® 2000 XPi (Siemens) is a newly upgraded fully automated immunoassay system marketed for human use to measure concentrations of different analytes including P4. Our objective was therefore to characterize the analytical performance of the IMMULITE® 2000 XPi P4 immunoassay across the reportable range in ovine serum.

Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of fecal culture, fecal PCR and serum ELISA for diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in sheep.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the individual fecal culture (IFC), fecal PCR (FPCR), and serum ELISA for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections in sheep from four governorates in Egypt, using a latent class model (LCM) fitted within a Bayesian framework. Furthermore, the within-governorate prevalence of MAP infection in sheep was estimated as a secondary objective.

A comparison of logistic regression and classification tree to assess brucellosis associated risk factors in dairy cattle.

Machine learning approaches have been increasingly utilized in the field of medicine. Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious zoonotic diseases with significant impacts on livestock health, reproduction, production, and public health worldwide. Therefore, our objective was to determine the seroprevalence and compare the logistic regression and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) data-mining analysis to assess risk factors associated with Brucella infection in the densest cattle populated Egyptian governorates.

Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia vogeli in dogs.

Canine babesiosis is a life-threatening haemoparasitic disease in dogs that is prevalent worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of Babesia vogeli (B. vogeli) was investigated in dogs from Egypt by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, and associated risk factors were evaluated.

Ovulatory response to GnRH agonist during early and late fall in mares.

This study aimed to assess the ovulatory response of deslorelin acetate during the fall and the response to PGF2α 8 d post-ovulation. One hundred estrous cycles from 22 mares kept in 40° latitude were evaluated. Mares were checked by transrectal ultrasonography until a preovulatory follicle was detected and ovulation induced with deslorelin acetate.

West Nile virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors among horses in Egypt.

Determination of the seroprevalence and risk factors that are associated with West Nile virus (WNV) in horses is essential for adoption of effective prevention strategies. Our objective in this study, therefore, was to determine the seroprevalence and to identify the risk factors associated with WNV infection in the most densely horse-populated governorates in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 930 horses, which were distributed over five governorates in the Nile delta of Egypt.

Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Archaeome in Suckling Piglets Following Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis.

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in swine health and wellbeing, but the gut archaeome structure and function in swine remain largely unexplored. To date, no metagenomics-based analysis has been done to assess the impact of an early life antimicrobials intervention on the gut archaeome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) administration on the fecal archaeome composition and diversity in suckling piglets using metagenomic sequencing analysis.

Determination of Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia and Associated Risk Factors in Goats and Sheep Using Classification and Regression Tree.

Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis is a potentially powerful tool for identifying risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and the important interactions between them. Our objective was therefore to determine the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors associated with CCPP using CART data mining modeling in the most densely sheep- and goat-populated governorates. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 620 animals (390 sheep, 230 goats) distributed over four governorates in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2019.

Fucoidan supplementation modulates hepato-renal oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 intoxication in rats.

Aflatoxins are a common food contaminant of global concern. Aflatoxin B (AFB) intoxication is associated with serious health hazards. Recently, fucoidan (FUC) has gained much attention from pharmaceutical industry due to its promising therapeutic effects.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Aqueous Ozone and Ozone-Lactic Acid Blend on -Contaminated Chicken Drumsticks Using Multiple Sequential Soaking and Spraying Approaches.

Ozone (O) is an attractive alternative antimicrobial in the poultry processing industry. The optimal operational conditions of O for improving food safety concerns are poorly understood. The main objective of this study was therefore to characterize the microbial killing capacity of aqueous O and O-lactic acid blend (O-LA) at different operational conditions on chicken drumsticks contaminated with high load using sequential soaking and spraying approaches.

Risk factor analysis of bovine leukemia virus infection in dairy cattle in Egypt.

Identification of the risk factors associated with Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is essential for the adoption of potentially prevention strategies. Accordingly, our objectives were to determine the geographic distribution of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection and identify the risk factors associated with cow-level BLV infection in the Egyptian dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1299 mixed breed cows distributed over four provinces in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2018.

Impacts of environmental complexity on respiratory and gut microbiome community structure and diversity in growing pigs.

The limited understanding of the interaction between rearing environment of the growing pig and the pig's microbial community impedes efforts to identify the optimal housing system to maximize animal health and production. Accordingly, we characterized the impact of housing complexity on shaping the respiratory and gut microbiota of growing pig. A total of 175 weaned pigs from 25 litters were randomly assigned within liter to either simple slatted-floor (S) or complex straw-based rearing ecosystem (C).

Evaluation of hand-held sodium, potassium, calcium, and electrical conductivity meters for diagnosing subclinical mastitis and intramammary infection in dairy cattle.

Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) and intramammary infection (IMI) increase the sodium (Na) concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) and decrease the potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in glandular secretions of lactating dairy cattle.

Hypothesis: Low-cost portable Na, K, Ca, and EC meters are clinically useful cow-side tests for diagnosing SCM and IMI.

Animals: One hundred fifteen dairy cows at dry off and 92 cows within 4-7 days postcalving.

Effect of Single Dose of Antimicrobial Administration at Birth on Fecal Microbiota Development and Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Piglets.

Optimization of antimicrobial use in swine management systems requires full understanding of antimicrobial-induced changes on the developmental dynamics of gut microbiota and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of early life antimicrobial intervention on fecal microbiota development, and prevalence of selected ARGs (, , , , , , and ) in neonatal piglets. A total of 48 litters were randomly allocated into one of six treatment groups soon after birth.

Comparative study on the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, aqueous ozone, and peracetic acid in the elimination of Salmonella from cattle manure contaminated various surfaces supported by Bayesian analysis.

Providing the dairy industry with an effective and safe disinfectant is considered a key step in improving the farm hygiene and biosecurity. Salmonella infection via foodborne transmission remains a major public health threat. The main objective of this study was therefore to characterize and compare the decontamination power of NaOCl, aqueous-O3, and PAA against cattle manure based-Salmonella heavily contaminated various surfaces (plastic, nylon, rubber, and wood) using Bayesian analysis.

Clinical utility of urine specific gravity, electrical conductivity, and color as on-farm methods for evaluating urine concentration in dairy cattle.

Background: Urine concentration (UC) provides clinically useful information concerning hydration status and renal function of animals.

Objectives: To characterize the clinical performance of urine specific gravity measured by optical refractometry (U ) or Multistix-SG urine reagent dipstick (U ), urine electrical conductivity using an OAKTON Con 6 conductivity handheld meter (U ), urine color (U ) using a custom-designed 8-point color chart, and urine creatinine concentration (U ) for assessing UC in dairy cattle.

Animals: 20 periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows.

Negligible Impact of Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis on the Developmental Dynamics of Fecal Microbiota and Their Accompanying Antimicrobial Resistome in Piglets.

While the antimicrobial resistance profiles of cultured pathogens have been characterized in swine, the fluctuations in antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with the developing gastrointestinal microbiota have not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) metaphylaxis on the developmental dynamics of fecal microbiota and their accompanying antimicrobial resistome in pre-weaned piglets. Sixteen litters were given one of two treatments [control group (CONT; saline 1cc IM) and TUL group (TUL; 2.

The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure.

A high reactivity and leaving no harmful residues make ozone an effective disinfectant for farm hygiene and biosecurity. Our objectives were therefore to (1) characterize the killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone at different operational conditions on dairy cattle manure-based pathogens (MBP) contaminated different surfaces (plastic, metal, nylon, rubber, and wood); (2) determine the effect of microbial load on the killing capacity of aqueous ozone. In a crossover design, 14 strips of each material were randomly assigned into 3 groups, treatment (n = 6), positive-control (n = 6), and negative-control (n = 2).