Promising Effects of L. and Its Main Compounds Alone and Combined with Pyrimethamine Against Infection.

Herbs and their products are a source for drug discovery, and most of all synthetic drugs originate from them. The present study was designed to evaluate the and efficacy, as well as the potential mechanisms, of essential oil (REE), β-myrcene (MC), camphene (CP), and limonene (LN) alone and in combination with pyrimethamine (PYM) against . , the effectiveness of REE and its components on tachyzoites, the infectivity rate, caspase-3 activity, and nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of inducible NO synthase and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) genes were evaluated.

Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, Angiogenesis, and Wound Healing Activities of Copper Nanoparticles Green Synthesized by Extract.

Background: Wound healing and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microbes have become global issues with serious consequences for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and wound healing properties of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesized using extract.

Methods: The green synthesis was conducted using the precipitation method.

Therapeutic Effects of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Against Hydatid Disease Through Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis.

Purpose: This study aimed to green synthesized copper nanoparticles (CNP) using Lupinus arcticus extract and assess the protoscolicidal effects and the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in experimental animal settings to combat hydatid cysts.

Methods: The protoscolicidal properties of CNP were examined in vitro on hydatid cyst PS via the eosin exclusion assay. The in vivo effectiveness of CNP at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days on hydatid cyst-infected mice was determined by assessing the number, size, weight of hydatid cysts the gene expression levels of caspase-3, antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) in the infected mice were also assessed by Real-time PCE.

Therapeutic effects of zinc nanoparticles green synthesized by Ferula macercolea extract against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.

Objectives: The present study aimed to green synthesize and characterize the zinc nanoparticles (ZNP) and evaluate its potency to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice by stimulating the immune system, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: By in vivo, T. gondii infected mice were orally treated by ZNP (5-20 mg/kg) for 14 d.

Microbial community variations in adult ticks from single locations in Saudi Arabia and Tunisia.

Introduction: The camel-infesting tick, , is a prominent ectoparasite in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, critically impacting camel health and acting as a vector for tick-borne pathogens. Despite prior studies on its microbiota, the effects of geographic origin and sex on microbial community structure and functional stability remain poorly understood.

Methods: To address this, we characterized the bacterial microbiota of ticks collected from camels in Tunisia (TUN) and Saudi Arabia (SA) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microbial network analysis, and metabolic pathway prediction.

Antileishmanial and synergic effects of Rhanterium epapposum essential oil and its main compounds alone and combined with glucantime against Leishmania major infection.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread disease affecting both humans and animals globally. Currently, common treatments (e.g.

American mitogenome reference for the tropical brown dog tick, (Audouin, 1826).

The brown dog tick, (Audouin, 1826), is distributed across the American continent and is formerly known as the "tropical lineage". It belongs to the (Latreille, 1806) species complex, referred to as (). Mitochondrial genome sequences are frequently used for the identification and represent reference material for field studies.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with linalool as a potential control agent of malaria infection.

This research aimed to produce and analyze zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) loaded with linalool (LZNPs), and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo efficacy through targeting the inflammation and oxidative stress. LZNPs were synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The Malstat technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of LZNPs against both sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmosium falciparum.

High potency of linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite as a new agent for cystic echinococcosis treatment.

This current , , and research aims to evaluate and analyze the linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite (Lin-ZNP) for treating cystic echinococcosis. Lin-ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The protoscolicidal effects of Lin-ZNP were tested on hydatid cyst protoscoleces (PTS) in both and by eosin exclusion test.

Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of and in Sheep and Goats from Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

spp. are responsible for ovine and caprine theileriosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in small ruminants. The present study aims to investigate spp.

Linalool-zinc oxide nanocomposite controls Toxoplasma gondii infection through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenicity.

The present in vitro and in vivo study aimed to fabricate and characterize linalool-zinc oxide nanoparticles (Lin-ZNP) and evaluate their effectiveness against Toxoplasma gondii infection in terms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenicity. Lin-ZNP was synthesized using an ethanolic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The anti-Toxoplasma and cytotoxicity activities of Lin-ZNP were investigated, along with its effects on nitric oxide (NO) production, caspase-3 activity, and pro-inflammatory genes.

High Efficacy of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Through Their Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Potency.

The present experimental survey designed to green synthesis, characterization, as well as in vitro and in vivo anti-Toxplasma gondii activity of silver nanoparticles (SLN) green synthesized by Lupinus arcticus extract. SLN were green synthesized based on the reducing by L. arcticus extract through the precipitation technique.

Unveiling of the antileishmanial activities of Linalool loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite through its potent antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects.

This study aimed to produce linalool loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite (LZNPs) and assess its in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial effects against Leishmania major. LZNPs was produced through the synthesis of an ethanolic solution containing polyvinyl alcohol. The average size of LZNPs was determined to be 105 nm.

Molecular prevalence of vector borne bacterial pathogens in the blood samples of wild rodent species trapped from Saudi Arabia.

Order Rodentia is the most speciose among mammals and the members of this order are known to host more than 60 zoonotic diseases and rodents are a potential health threat to humans. This study was designed to report the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic evaluation of various blood borne bacterial pathogens (Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale and Bartonella spp.) in the blood samples of four wild rodent species [Meriones rex (N = 27), Acomys dimidiatus (N = 18), Myomys yemeni (N = 6) and Rattus rattus (N = 3)] that were trapped during August till October 2020 from Al Makhwah governorate in Saudi Arabia.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antileishmanial Activity of the Silver Nanoparticles Alone and Along with Meglumine Antimoniate against Infection.

Background: The most commonly available drugs for leishmaniasis are pentavalent antimony compounds; whereas the recent studies showed various complications and limitations of these drugs. We aimed to green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and study the promising antileishmanial and synergic effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles alone and combined with glucantime.

Methods: The precipitation technique was used to drop silver ions via an extract of to AgNPs at Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia in 2022.

Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles for Treatment of Chronic Infection.

Background: Nowadays, interest in the use of nanotechnology for medical purposes is increasing. The current experimental investigation is planned for the green synthesis, characterization, and efficacy of copper nanoparticles (CLN) against chronic infection.

Methods: Green synthesis of CNP was performed using the extract via the precipitation method.

Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Methanolic Extract against Infection.

Unlabelled: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro, in vivo, and safety of Vahl. methanolic extract (SLME) against acute toxoplasmosis caused by RH strain in mice.

Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of the SLME on tachyzoites.

Anti-Cancer Effects of Queen Bee Acid (10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid) and Its Cellular Mechanisms against Human Hepatoma Cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer that occurs in hepatocytes. Although many chemical drugs, e.g.

Plant Bioactive Ingredients in Delivery Systems and Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis: An Evidence-Based Review.

Background: This study was designed considering the challenges of leishmaniasis treatment and the benefits of carriers of drug delivery systems to review plant bioactive ingredients in delivery systems and nanocarriers for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Methods: The methodology of this review investigation followed the 06-PRISMA recommendations. The searches were carried out up to January 30, 2022, in the central English databases SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, PUBMED, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR using the search terms "", "leishmaniasis", "herbal medicines", "drug delivery", "nanocarriers", "herbal compounds", and "secondary metabolites".

Protective Effect of Peel Extract-Prepared Nanoparticles on Rabbits Experimentally Infected with .

The present study used peel extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This technique is eco-friendly and can be performed in a single step; thus, it has attracted great attention for NPs biosynthesis. Herein, we biosynthesized AgNPs with peel extract and examined their anticoccidial activity in rabbit hepatic coccidiosis induced by infection.

Relationship between KIR genotypes and HLA-ligands with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Saudi population.

Aim: To ascertain whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes polymorphisms and HLA-I ligands are associated with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Eighty-seven COVID-19 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and one hundred and fourteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study for genotyping of the 16 KIR genes, HLA-C1 and -C2 allotypes and HLA-G 14-bp indels polymorphisms using the sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method. KIR genotype frequency differences and combination KIR-HLA-C ligand were tested for significance.

In Vitro Evaluation of Cell-Free-Supernatant GBUT-21 against SARS-CoV-2.

The unprecedented health catastrophe derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) met with a phenomenal scientific response across the globe. Worldwide, the scientific community was focused on finding a cure for the deadly disease. A wide range of research studies has consistently revealed the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and abnormal gut microbiomes, suggesting its potential in developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826) recognised as the "tropical lineage" of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato: Neotype designation, redescription, and establishment of morphological and molecular reference.

We re-describe the adult stages of Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826), and characterise its diagnostic molecular traits. A male R. linnaei collected in Esna City, Luxor Governorate, Egypt is designated as the neotype.

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Isolated from Cattle in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Based on Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial (COI) Gene.

Background: In Saudi Arabia, more than US$ 0.2 million annual losses are caused by liver condemnations due to fascioliasis. Data obtained from the genetic characterization of population sheds light on parasite transmission which could eventually help in development of effective parasite control measures.

Structure-based in silico design and in vitro acaricidal activity assessment of Acacia nilotica and Psidium guajava extracts against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi.

Infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mite causes scabies in humans and mange in animals. Alternative methods for developing environmentally friendly and effective plant-based acaricides are now a priority.