Paraneoplastic Syndromes in the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa: A Comprehensive Review.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of nonmalignant disorders caused by immunologic or nonimmunologic reactions in response to an underlying cancer. In the orbit and ocular adnexa, paraneoplastic syndromes can affect every structure. Early recognition of paraneoplastic syndromes can expedite diagnosis and improve outcomes for patients as they are often the first sign of potentially life-threatening malignancy.

Immunotherapy for Advanced Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Treatment Failures.

Purpose: To review the treatment response of advanced conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to systemic immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy at a single institution.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated at a single institution from 2015 to 2024 was conducted to identify those with advanced conjunctival SCC who had been treated with ICI therapy. Advanced disease included patients with orbital invasion of tumors, unresectable disease, or metastatic disease.

A case presentation of a pressurized diesel injury to the orbit, face, and neck.

High-pressure diesel soft tissue injuries are uncommon, especially in the orbit. These injuries can initially have a deceivingly benign clinical appearance and may radiographically mimic soft tissue emphysema but can rapidly progress with vision-threatening outcomes; cases of complete vision loss and loss of eye have been reported. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to minimize chemical injury to soft tissues and vital structures.

A Cost Analysis of Enucleation and Evisceration Surgeries for Treatment of Blind, Painful Eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the surgical costs of enucleations and eviscerations and their relation to current reimbursement rates using time-driven activity-based costing.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing enucleation and evisceration surgeries with attachment of muscles (Current Procedural Terminology 65105 and 65093) for a diagnosis of blind, painful eye, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, at a single, tertiary level, teaching hospital. A time-driven activity-based cost analysis for day of surgery was performed.

Antisynthetase Syndrome Causing Necrotizing Myositis Involving Extraocular Muscles.

The authors describe the clinical, histologic, and serologic findings of a patient with necrotizing myositis of the extraocular muscles in the setting of antisynthetase syndrome, as well as subsequent management. This is the first case in the literature of a systemic necrotizing myositis to have associated ophthalmic findings.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childhood Lead Testing and Blood Lead Levels.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood lead testing and blood lead levels.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of lead tests and results was performed across 3 urban medical centers during the pre-COVID-19 (March 10, 2019-March 9, 2020) and COVID-19 (March 10, 2020-March 10, 2022) periods. Interrupted time series analysis with quasi-Poisson regression was used to evaluate changes in lead testing between study periods.

The Transition to Ophthalmology Residency: A National Survey of the Combined Ophthalmology PGY-1 Program.

 In 2017, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education announced all ophthalmology residency programs would provide a combined transitional or joint preliminary program for first postgraduate year (PGY-1) residents, with mandatory implementation by 2023.  This study aimed to survey ophthalmology residency program directors, postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) ophthalmology residents who were a part of the first, official combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year, and postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) residents who were a PGY-1 resident the year prior to integration to evaluate characteristics and perspectives on the combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year.  A national, internet survey-based study approved by the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) was disseminated to the AUPO listserv of program directors (PDs) and PGY-2 and PGY-3 ophthalmology residents from July to August 2022 and then again April to June 2023.

Hyperglobus and Pseudoptosis in Type 1 Lipogenic Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: We present a case of Type 1 (lipogenic) Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) and our aim is to describe an atypical presentation of a rare orbital process.

Observations: A man in his 50s presented with left-sided eyelid drooping. His exam showed no evidence of active inflammation but did show left hyperglobus and ipsilateral upper eyelid pseudoptosis.

Smooth versus textured tissue expanders in breast reconstruction - A retrospective review of post-operative surgical site infections.

Background: Textured tissue expanders (TTEs) were introduced to limit migration and reduce capsular contracture, which were inherent to smooth tissue expanders (STEs). Previous reports suggest that textured devices have increased rates of bacterial contamination and biofilm formation in comparison with smooth devices. Recently, the relative increased association of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with textured versus smooth devices has led to increased adoption of smooth devices.

Hearing Dysfunction After Treatment With Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: To characterize the frequency, severity, and resolution of hearing dysfunction in patients treated with teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease (TED).

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: Ophthalmic examination and adverse event assessment, including otologic symptoms, were performed at baseline, after infusions 2, 4, and 8, and at 6-month follow-up in consecutive patients who received at least 4 teprotumumab infusions.

Representation of Women in Ophthalmology Subspecialty Societies over 20 Years.

The representation of women has increased over the last 20 years among ophthalmology subspecialty society new membership, award winners, and executive committee membership; however, proportional representation is still lacking at most benchmarks.

Impact of Early COVID-19 Pandemic on Common Ophthalmic Procedures Volumes: A US Claims-Based Analysis.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the delivery of healthcare in the United States and globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on common ophthalmic procedure utilization and normalization to pre-pandemic daily rates.

Methods: Leveraging a national database, Clinformatics™ DataMart (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, MN), procedure frequencies and daily averages, defined by Current Procedural Terminology codes, of common elective and non-elective procedures within multiple ophthalmology sub-specialties were calculated.

The Utility of Universal Newborn Eye Screening: A Review.

Universal newborn eye screening can identify ocular abnormalities early and help mitigate long-term visual impairment. Traditional neonatal and infant eye screening is administered by neonatologists and pediatricians using the red reflex test. If this test identifies an ocular abnormality, then the patient is examined by an ophthalmologist.

Diverse patient trajectories during cytotoxic chemotherapy: Capturing longitudinal patient-reported outcomes.

Background: High-value cancer care balances effective treatment with preservation of quality of life. Chemotherapy is known to affect patients' physical and psychological well-being negatively. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide a means to monitor declines in a patients' well-being during treatment.

Trends in Leadership and Award Recognition Among Women in the American Society of Retina Specialists.

Purpose: This work evaluates trends in achievement of women in the retina field, through an analysis of gender representation in the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS).

Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal study spans 1983 to 2020. Historical data classified by male or female gender were collected from ASRS's overall membership, board of directors and officers, and recipients of the 4 society awards.

The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Severity on Choroidal Thickness in Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: This work aimed to analyze the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: We identified patients in the Stanford Research Repository with a diagnosis of CSC and OSA. Age- and sex-matched controls with either CSC or OSA only were also identified.

Bidirectional Association between Visual Impairment and Dementia Among Older Adults in the United States Over Time.

Purpose: Although visual impairment (VI) has been associated with worse cognitive performance among older adults, the temporal relationship between the 2 remains subject to debate. Our objective was to investigate the longitudinal impact of VI on cognitive function and vice versa.

Design: Retrospective, time-to-event study.

Multi-compartment skull base orbital cavernous venous malformation: A rare presentation of a common orbital mass.

Purpose: We present a unique case of an orbital intraconal cavernous venous malformation that extended along the trigeminal nerve to the pterygopalatine and middle cranial fossa. Our aim is to describe an atypical presentation of this common orbital vascular mass.

Observations: A 57-year-old female presented with right eye proptosis.

Higher prevalence of fundus haemorrhages in early-screened (NEST Study) as compared to late-screened (SUNDROP Study) newborn populations.

Background/aims: To determine whether timing of ophthalmic screening influences prevalence of neonatal fundus haemorrhages. We compared the prevalence of fundus haemorrhages in two populations: term newborns screened early (less than 72 hours) and preterm newborns screened late (4-11 weeks). Additionally, we reviewed the literature on timing and prevalence of newborn haemorrhages.