Cardiovascular Risk, Health Metrics, and Cancer Prediction: A Scoping Review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. Given the shared risk factors, it is plausible that CVD risk scores and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics could predict cancer risk.

Objectives: The authors sought to identify and summarize studies examining the association between CVD risk scores, CVH metrics, and incident cancer.

A scoping review exploring cancer survivorship in Africa: 2011 to 2024.

Purpose: The scope of cancer survivorship in Africa remains largely unexplored. This scoping review aims to describe current survivorship-related factors and care delivery characteristics in Africa, and to provide insights that can inform a more systematic integration of survivorship care into the broader cancer care continuum.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science: Core, CINAHL Plus) were searched for journal articles and grey literature published from 2011 to August 2024 in English.

Health Care Models for Persons with Multiple Chronic Conditions from Populations that Experience Health Disparities: A Scoping Review.

Almost half of U.S. adults have multiple chronic conditions (MCC), and the prevalence of MCC has significantly increased for racial and/or ethnic minority groups, especially among those aged 45-64 years.

Meta-analysis of niacin and NAD metabolite treatment in infectious disease animal studies suggests benefit but requires confirmation in clinically relevant models.

Disruption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis and function during infection may impair host defenses and aggravate inflammatory and oxidative organ injury. Increasingly, studies are investigating whether niacin or NAD metabolite treatment is beneficial in infection and sepsis animal models. We examined whether this preclinical experience supports clinical trials.

A literature review and pooled case analysis of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome to estimate cancer risk.

Purpose: We quantified cancer risk in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), a rare RASopathy.

Methods: From a comprehensive search, we reviewed articles from 5 databases and abstracted CFC cases with a clinical and/or molecular diagnosis to form a retrospective cohort. We collected information on BRAF, KRAS, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 genetic variants when available.

Using a difficult-to-treat resistance index to gauge imbalance between countries' antibiotic resistance prevalence and access to antibiotics: a scoping review and concept proposal.

Background: Inferring the impact of antimicrobial resistance on patient outcomes is challenging, given the variability in antibiotic access across countries and over time. By denoting resistance to all highly safe and effective antibiotics, the difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) definition offers a framework for such assessments globally.

Objectives: This study aims to conduct a scoping review to understand the international adoption, scalability, and prognostic utility of DTR and enable solutions to incorporate antibiotic access into the DTR framework.

A Scoping Review on Sex and Gender Differences in the Adverse Health Outcomes of Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait.

Although there is an emerging body of evidence that addresses the adverse health outcomes of individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT), it is not clear if the findings are generalizable from a sex and gender perspective. The purpose of this scoping review was to complete an assessment of main concepts, identify knowledge gaps, and determine the potential value of conducting an eventual systematic review. The research question guiding this scoping review is: In SCT individuals with adverse health outcomes, what is known about sex and gender differences? We conducted a scoping review of research on SCT from 2016 to 2022 across five databases, with 36 research studies included in the review.

Temporal dynamics of affective scene processing in the healthy adult human brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

Tumour spectrum in -related Proteus syndrome: a systematic review of clinical reports and series.

-related Proteus syndrome is an ultra-rare mosaic overgrowth disorder with tumour predisposition. We conducted a systematic review to determine the range and characteristics of these tumours. A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical reports and clinical series of Proteus syndrome published between 1983 and 2023.

Management of individuals with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in ATM: A clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).

Purpose: ATM germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) are associated with a moderately increased risk of female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Resources for managing ATM heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited.

Methods: An international workgroup developed a clinical practice resource to guide management of ATM heterozygotes using peer-reviewed publications and expert opinion.

Impact of social determinants of health on rehabilitation service use and outcomes in adults in the USA: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Many Americans fail to receive equitable access to or positive outcomes from rehabilitation services. These disparities result from broader societal inequities that disproportionately affect certain groups of people due to non-medical factors such as race, gender, education and living status. This scoping review aims to describe research papers that examine social determinants of health (SDOH) that underlie disparities in access to, use of, or outcomes related to rehabilitation (in occupational therapy, physical therapy, recreational therapy, rehabilitation medicine/physiatry and speech-language pathology) among adults in the USA.

Systematic review of associations between anxiety, depression, and functional/biological aging among cancer survivors.

Background: Evidence suggests a mind-body component to aging through which psychological distress from anxiety and depression drives molecular changes that promote early decline (ie, accelerated aging). Cancer survivors experience particularly high rates of anxiety and depression. Some survivors also have accelerated aging, though the relationships between anxiety and depression and aging are not clear.

A Literature Review and Pooled Case Analysis of Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome to Estimate Cancer Risk.

Background: Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) is a rare disorder with multiple congenital anomalies including macrocephaly, failure to thrive, and neurocognitive delay. CFC is part "RASopathy" syndromes caused by pathogenic germline variants in and To estimate cancer risk in CFC we conducted a systematic review using case reports and series.

Methods: We reviewed articles and abstracted CFC cases to form a retrospective cohort based on PRISMA guidelines.

The reporting of social determinants of health in pediatric dermatology clinical trials: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the acknowledgment of the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) on clinical outcomes, few clinical trials provide information about SDOH. Including these markers in pediatric dermatologic clinical trials may lead to improved care and novel observations about the disease.

Objective: Using a systematic review, assess the use of SDOH in pediatric dermatology clinical trials.

The definitions, assessment, and dimensions of cancer-related fatigue: A scoping review.

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of consensus on its definition and assessment. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize how CRF has been defined and assessed in adult patients with cancer worldwide.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycNet) were searched to identify eligible original research articles published in English over a 10-year span (2010-2020); CRF was required to be a primary outcome and described as a dimensional construct.

Exploring the impact of music on response to ketamine/esketamine: A scoping review.

Music and ketamine are both known to affect therapeutic outcomes, but few studies have investigated their co-administration. This scoping review describes the existing literature on the joint use of music and ketamine-or esketamine (the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine)-in humans. The review considers that extant studies have explored the intersection of ketamine/esketamine and music in healthy volunteers and in patients of various age groups, at different dosages, through different treatment processes, and have varied the sequence of playing music relative to ketamine/esketamine administration.

Self-reporting of psychoneurophysical (PNP) symptoms in adults with four chronic diseases: a protocol for a scoping review.

Background: Patient self-reporting of health-specific information, including symptoms, allows healthcare providers to provide more timely, personalized, and patient-centered care to meet their needs. It is critical to acknowledge that symptom reporting draws from the individual's unique sociocultural background influencing how one perceives health and illness. This scoping review will explore whether racial groups with 4 chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes) differ in self-reporting of psychoneurophysical (PNP) symptoms.

A scoping review exploring cure definitions and language for inherited hemoglobinopathies.

Purpose: Sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia are some of the first targets for potentially curative cell-based therapies. Currently, bone marrow transplants, stem cell transplants, and gene therapy are being researched and utilized for people living with these hemoglobinopathies. Although these therapies are often described as curative, there is not a clear definition of what cure means for these hemoglobinopathies.

Meta-analysis: Incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Fontan palliation.

Background And Aims: The Fontan palliation is the final stage of surgery for many children born with univentricular physiology. Almost all Fontan patients develop liver fibrosis which may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These are important causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Proteomics for heart failure risk stratification: a systematic review.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with persistently high mortality. High-throughput proteomic technologies offer new opportunities to improve HF risk stratification, but their contribution remains to be clearly defined. We aimed to systematically review prognostic studies using high-throughput proteomics to identify protein signatures associated with HF mortality.

Key Findings from Mental Health Research During the Menopause Transition for Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Women Living in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) women experience social and structural factors that may affect their response to mental health treatment and menopausal symptoms during the menopause transition (MT). This scoping review on mental health during the MT for REM women in the United States was conducted to characterize factors associated with mental health challenges. Five databases were searched.

Reversing the trend: a scoping review of health innovation transfer or exchange from low- and middle-income countries to high-income countries.

The transfer of innovations from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs) has received little attention, leaving gaps in the understanding of the process, its benefits and the factors influencing it. This scoping review, part of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) project and the focus for a 2022 NIH-sponsored workshop on Global Health Reciprocal Innovation, sought to identify publications describing health innovations that were researched, developed and implemented in LMICs and adapted to address similar health challenges in HICs. A protocol was written and registered on Open Science Framework.

The National Cancer Institute's Cancer Disparities Research Partnership Program: a unique funding model 20 years later.

The burden of cancer and access to effective treatment are not experienced equally by all in the United States. For underserved populations that often access the health-care system when their cancers are in advanced disease stages, radiation oncology services are essential. In 2001, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Radiation Research Program created and implemented the Cancer Disparities Research Partnership Program (CDRP).