Reproductive and maternal child health experiences of Indigenous women in prison: A scoping review.

In the context of the over-representation of women who are Indigenous in prisons and historical and structural barriers to health, we undertook a scoping review to understand research regarding the reproductive and maternal health experiences of Indigenous women in prison in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA. We searched online databases in May 2022 since inception, as well as Google and governmental websites between December 2022 and March 2023. We identified 8 eligible articles.

Interest-holder priorities for health surveillance of people incarcerated in Canada: A qualitative study.

Objectives: As a core function of public health, health surveillance for people who are incarcerated could address gaps in knowledge regarding their health status. The views of people who could use these data and who are included in health surveillance data should inform health surveillance. In this study, we aimed to identify the priorities of interest-holders for health surveillance of people incarcerated in Canadian correctional facilities.

Inter-institutional data-driven education research: consensus values, principles, and recommendations to guide the ethical sharing of administrative education data in the Canadian medical education research context.

Background: Administrative data are generated when educating, licensing, and regulating future physicians but these data are rarely used beyond their pre-specified purposes. The capacity necessary for sensitive and responsive oversight that supports the sharing of administrative medical education data across institutions for research purposes needs to be developed.

Method: A pan-Canadian consensus-building project was undertaken to develop agreement on the goals, benefits, risks, values, and principles that should underpin inter-institutional data-driven medical education research in Canada.

Key Informants in Applied Qualitative Health Research.

Identifying and recruiting key informants is a widely used sampling strategy in applied qualitative health research. Key informants were first conceptualized within ethnography, but there is little methodological guidance about how to use this technique outside of that research tradition. The objective of this article is to offer practical suggestions about how existing methods for data collection with key informants could be translated to methodologies commonly used in applied qualitative health research.

How medical learners and educators decide what counts as mistreatment: A qualitative study.

Introduction: The mistreatment or abuse (maltreatment) of medical learners by their peers and supervisors has been documented globally for decades, and there is significant research about the prevalence, sequelae and strategies for intervention. However, there is evidence that learners experience maltreatment as being less clear cut than do researchers, educators and administrators. This definitional ambiguity creates problems for understanding and addressing this issue.

Diversity in MD-PhD Programs and Factors Affecting Admission and Completion Among Minoritized Groups: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To improve awareness of diversity in MD-PhD program applicants, matriculants, and graduates; facilitators and barriers to matriculation and/or completion among minoritized groups; and the effects of research experience programs on admissions processes aimed to increase representation of minoritized groups in MD-PhD programs.

Method: The authors conducted a scoping review, searching EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science through December 21, 2021, for studies that contained data on the characteristics of MD-PhD learners and initiatives aimed to make the clinician-scientist trainee population more diverse. They excluded studies that had no primary data, were unavailable in English, and were not peer-reviewed.

Conceptualizing Physicians' Roles in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Resources for Canadian Physicians.

Resources addressing intimate partner violence (IPV) play a role in shaping how physicians conceptualize and perform their roles in caring for affected patients. This study combines environmental scanning with critical discourse analysis (CDA) to parse how roles of physicians were represented in 28 education materials and policy documents about IPV, taking the Canadian training milieu as an example. We developed a cyclical model of three core physician roles in addressing IPV-learning about IPV, identifying patients experiencing IPV, and responding to patients' disclosures of IPV.

Lived experiences of pregnancy and prison through a reproductive justice lens: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

As rates with which women are incarcerated have risen around the world, research examining how incarceration affects the health of people who are pregnant, their newborns, and their family members has burgeoned. Lived experience is seldom accounted for in this research, however, highlighting a gap with relevance to advocates, policy makers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to better understand health inequities and redress human suffering. In this paper we present a qualitative meta-synthesis of 31 papers reporting qualitative studies of how people who are incarcerated in prisons and jails around the world experience pregnancy, labour and childbirth, and the postpartum period.

The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review.

Background: The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021.

Quality of Antenatal Care for Women Who Experience Imprisonment in Ontario, Canada.

Importance: Women who experience imprisonment have high morbidity and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal care could modify pregnancy-related risks, but there is a lack of evidence regarding antenatal care in this population.

Objectives: To examine antenatal care quality indicators for women who experience imprisonment and to compare these data with data for the general population.

Problems of problem-based learning: Towards transformative critical pedagogy in medical education.

Problem-based medical education is based in a biomedical worldview that works to entrench deterministic ways of thinking about socioculturally-influenced health disparities in the minds of medical trainees. This perspective paper considers the utility of Paolo Freire's critical pedagogy as a means of redressing this issue, as it may enable medical learners to perceive and address the social sources of illness that shape their patients' lives. With an eye to advancing health equity, and educating health professionals who are responsive to marginalized and vulnerable communities, this paper considers how a problem-posing medical education could redefine physicians' relationships to knowledge, identity, and to their patients.

Academic challenges for the preterm infant: Parent and educators' perspectives.

Background: Little is known of educators' knowledge of the impact of preterm birth on academic achievement and nothing is known of parental perspective of this knowledge.

Aims: To examine the knowledge of the impact of preterm birth on academic achievement amongst Canadian educators, characterize educators' attitudes towards these challenges, and examine parental perspectives of the educational system for their preterm child.

Study Design And Methods: This was a mixed methods study involving kindergarten to Grade 3 educators and parents of preterm children aged 4-8 years.

Investigation of the immunocompetent cells that bind early pregnancy factor and preliminary studies of the early pregnancy factor target molecule.

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a secreted protein with immunosuppressive and growth factor properties. It has been shown to suppress the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice as well as acute and chronic forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats and mice, respectively. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that EPF binds to a population of lymphocytes and we hypothesized that it mediates its suppressive effects by binding to CD4+ T cells.

Purification and characterisation of functional early pregnancy factor expressed in Sf9 insect cells and in Escherichia coli.

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a secreted protein with growth regulatory and immunomodulatory properties. It is an extracellular form of the mitochondrial matrix protein chaperonin 10 (Cpn10), a molecular chaperone. An understanding of the mechanism of action of EPF and an exploration of therapeutic potential has been limited by availability of purified material.

A protective effect of early pregnancy factor on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in Lewis rats by inoculation with myelin basic protein.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system and is the best available animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Since previous studies have shown that EAE is less severe or is delayed in onset during pregnancy and that administration of the pregnancy hormone early pregnancy factor (EPF) down-regulates EAE, experiments in the present study were designed to explore further the role of EPF in EAE. By using the rosette inhibition test, the standard bioassay for EPF and, by semi-quantitative RT-PCR techniques, we have now shown that inflammatory cells from the spinal cord of rats with EAE can produce and secrete EPF, with production being greatest during recovery from disease.

Early pregnancy factor suppresses the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the spinal cord of rats during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis but has no effect on apoptosis.

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a secreted protein with immunosuppressive and growth factor properties that has been shown to suppress acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with myelin basic protein (MBP) in Lewis rats. EAE is associated with infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammatory cells. Spontaneous recovery involves the loss of T lymphocytes from the CNS and the selective apoptosis of Vbeta8.

Early pregnancy factor treatment suppresses the inflammatory response and adhesion molecule expression in the spinal cord of SJL/J mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to trinitrochlorobenzene in normal BALB/c mice.

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a secreted protein, present in serum during early pregnancy and essential for maintaining viability of the embryo. It is a homologue of chaperonin 10 (Cpn10) but, unlike Cpn10, it has an extracellular role. EPF has immunosuppressive and growth regulatory properties.