Concurrent associations of glyphosate, dithiocarbamate fungicides, and PFAS with body fat composition and BMI in adolescents from agricultural communities.

Background: Dithiocarbamate fungicides, glyphosate, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals found in agricultural settings. These chemicals have been linked to anthropometric indicators, but findings are contradictory. This study evaluated associations of PFAS, glyphosate, and dithiocarbamate metabolites (ethylene thiourea [ETU] and propylene thiourea [PTU]) with anthropometric indicators among adolescents in agricultural settings.

An Unusual Case of H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma Presenting as a Third Ventricular Mass.

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are rare central nervous system tumors, typically arising from astrocytes. The H3K27-altered DMG subtype is defined by a specific histone protein mutation that disrupts normal cellular regulation and promotes unchecked proliferation. Due to their aggressive nature, the World Health Organization (WHO) universally classifies these as grade IV, regardless of histological appearance.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in pancreatoblastoma with TP53 and SMAD4 mutations: a clinicopathologic study of a rare entity.

Pancreatoblastoma, a rare pancreatic tumor, exhibits diverse differentiation pathways, including acinar, ductal, and neuroendocrine lineages, often with distinct squamoid nests [3]. We present a notable case of pancreatoblastoma coexisting with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 10-year-old boy, presenting with abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and lesions in the pancreas, spleen, and liver visible on imaging. A liver biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine features, while a splenic biopsy showed acinar cell differentiation, raising possible diagnoses of pancreatoblastoma or acinar cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis in patients on immunotherapy for cancer.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a revolutionary class of cancer immunotherapy drugs, have transformed cancer treatment by bolstering antitumor immunity for various advanced-stage solid cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 7 immune checkpoint inhibitors that target 3 major immune checkpoint proteins: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 protein, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. In addition to their remarkable efficacy, however, these inhibitors have been observed causing immune-related adverse events, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis, which often results in severe or life-threatening clinical issues.

Renal Medullary Carcinoma.

Renal medullary carcinoma, also referred to as the seventh sickle cell nephropathy, typically affects young African Americans with sickle cell trait, or, less frequently, patients with sickle cell disease. The existence of renal medullary carcinoma without a concomitant hemoglobinopathy is a topic of controversy. The typical patient is a young male of African or Mediterranean descent, with hematuria and/or flank pain.

Potential influence of p16 immunohistochemical staining on the diagnosis of squamous cell lesions in cervical biopsy specimens: observation from cytologic-histologic correlation.

Background: The p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker has been used increasingly as an adjunct to morphologic assessment of cervical biopsies in which the differential diagnoses include high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and its mimics. The objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of p16 IHC staining on the evaluation of cervical biopsy as observed through cytologic-histologic correlation (CHC).

Methods: Cervical biopsy samples that had cytologic diagnoses of either low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or HSIL and also had histologic follow-up were retrieved from the department database.