Clinical Significance of Respiratory Torque Teno Virus in Immunocompromised Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure.

Objective: Among immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure, identification of those at higher risk for opportunistic infections is crucial to optimize management. The Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA burden in the blood has been identified as a surrogate marker of functional immunity in solid organ transplant recipients. This study investigates the clinical relevance of TTV DNA in nasopharyngeal swabs of immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Assessing inspiratory drive and effort in critically ill patients at the bedside.

Unlabelled: Monitoring inspiratory drive and effort may aid proper selection and setting of respiratory support in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), whether they are intubated or not. Although diaphragmatic electrical activity (EAdi) and esophageal manometry can be considered the reference methods for assessing respiratory drive and inspiratory effort, respectively, various alternative techniques exist, each with distinct advantages and limitations. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of bedside methods to assess respiratory drive and effort, with a primary focus on patients with ARF.

Advances in the critical care management for patients with hematological malignancies.

Hematological malignancies (HMs) are increasingly associated with life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. Recent advancements in therapies, diagnostics, and critical care protocols have improved outcomes for these patients, yet significant challenges persist. This manuscript explores the evolving landscape of critical care in hematology, emphasizing the unique complications, management strategies, and future directions in the field.

Sex-based differences in ICU management and outcomes of immunocompromised patients: A post hoc analysis of the prospective multicenter multinational Efraim cohort.

Purpose: There may be sex-based disparities in intensive care unit (ICU) management and outcomes. We compared baseline variables, interventions, and outcomes of immunocompromised critically ill men and women.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of the Efraim study, a prospective multinational cohort study of immunocompromised adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure admitted to one of 68 ICU in 16 countries between November 2015 and July 2016.

Critically ill patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections in the Caribbean area: unsupervised analysis of a retrospective cohort (2014-2023) with identification of factors associated with mortality.

Background: Scarce epidemiological data are available regarding necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) in tropical areas. Here we aimed to describe the clinical and biological features, and outcomes, of critically ill patients with NSTIs admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in a tropical setting. Furthermore, we analyzed these findings to identify distinct clinical phenotypes and explore their associations with patient outcomes.

Outcomes in immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure treated by high-flow nasal oxygen.

Purpose: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) is a major challenge in immunocompromised patients, often complicated by severe respiratory distress and organ dysfunction. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy is the standard of care, but data on its effectiveness and outcomes are limited. This study evaluated the outcomes of HFNO in this population, predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and factors associated with 28-day mortality.

Clinical features and outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in critically ill patients: a retrospective multicenter analysis.

Introduction: Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNAemia is not rare in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, evidence for a causal association of HHV-6 DNAemia with organ disease and with mortality is limited in this setting. In ICU patients with HHV-6 DNAemia, we sought to 1) assess the prevalence of HHV-6 disease, 2) identify risk factors for HHV-6 disease and 3) investigate its association with mortality.

Alcohol related hepatitis in intensive care units: clinical and biological spectrum and mortality risk factors: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Alcohol related hepatitis is responsible for high morbidity and mortality, but little is known about the management of patients with hepatitis specifically in intensive care units (ICU).

Methods: Retrospective study including patients with alcohol related hepatitis hospitalized in 9 French ICUs (2006-2017). Alcohol related hepatitis was defined histologically or by an association of clinical and biological criteria according to current guidelines.

Prehospital antiplatelet therapy in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest suspected of acute coronary syndrome.

Background: There are currently no specific guidelines for prehospital antiplatelet therapy in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a prehospital antiplatelet loading dose in patients with OHCA suspected of ACS referred to a cardiac catheterization laboratory (cath lab).

Methods: We included consecutive patients referred for coronary angiography within 24 h after OHCA from 2012 to 2024.

Management of severe exacerbations of COPD by French intensivists and adherence to guidelines.

Background: Severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) require hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) in 10 % of cases. This study aims to describe current practices for the management of severe ECOPD in the ICU and to evaluate adherence to the 2017 French guidelines.

Methods: From March to May 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional multicenter survey across 80 ICUs in France.

Previous treatment with anthracycline does not affect the course of sepsis in cancer patients: Retrospective cohort study.

Background: Cancer patients who are exposed to sepsis and had previous chemotherapy may have increased severity. Among chemotherapeutic agents, anthracyclines have been associated with cardiac toxicity. Like other chemotherapeutic agents, they may cause endothelial toxicity.

A multivariable prediction model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure (IPA-GRRR-OH score).

Purpose: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is often made late, with mortality reaching 90% when mechanical ventilation is needed. We sought to develop and validate a risk prediction model for the diagnosis of IPA.

Contribution and evolution of respiratory muscles function in weaning outcome of ventilator-dependent patients.

Background: The present study was designed to investigate the evolution and the impact of respiratory muscles function and limb muscles strength on weaning success in prolonged weaning of tracheotomized patients. The primary objective was to determine whether the change in respiratory muscles function and limb muscles strength over the time is or is not associated with weaning success.

Methods: Tracheotomized patients who were ventilator dependent upon admission at a weaning center were eligible.

Nasal High Flow to Modulate Dyspnea in Orally Intubated Patients.

High-flow therapy reduces dyspnea in acute respiratory failure, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. To compare dyspnea, we measured airway occlusion pressure (P) and inspiratory work with and without nasal high flow (NHF; Fi, 21%; temperature, 31°C) in intubated patients under pressure support ventilation and during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Dyspnea (determined using numerical rating scale [NRS] and Mechanical Ventilation - Respiratory Distress Observational Scale [MV-RDOS] scores), P, esophageal pressure, respiratory muscle EMG, and arterial blood gas were compared in intubated patients on pressure support ventilation presenting a dyspnea-NRS score higher than 3 during two sequences: ) pressure support ventilation with NHF at 0 L/min followed by 30, 50, and 60 L/min (the last three were randomized) and ) an SBT with NHF at 0 and 50 L/min (randomized).

Similar Kinetics of Pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 Load in Intensive Care Unit Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia with or Without Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type I Interferons.

Purpose: The pathogenesis of life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in ICU patients can involve pre-existing auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs). The impact of these auto-Abs on SARS-CoV-2 clearance in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) is unclear.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study in 99 ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia between March and May 2020.

How to prevent and how to treat dyspnea in critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize current data regarding the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, assessment and treatment of dyspnea in critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Recent Findings: In intubated patients, dyspnea is frequent, perceived as intense, and associated with unfavorable outcomes such as immediate and unbearable distress (e.g.

Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus standard oxygen on mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (SOHO).

Introduction: First-line oxygenation strategy in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure consists in standard oxygen or high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. Clinical practice guidelines suggest the use of high-flow nasal oxygen rather than standard oxygen. However, findings remain contradictory with a low level of certainty.