Innovations in Assist Devices to Improve External Ventricular Drain Placement: A Bibliometric Review of the Literature From 1985 to 2023.

Placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) involves navigating a catheter into a lateral ventricle of the brain, allowing drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. This can be a life-saving procedure in emergency situations. Ventricular cannulation is classically performed freehand, using landmarks on the skull to align the trajectory.

Using diffusion-induced growth instabilities to measure line tension at liquid condensed-liquid expanded domain boundaries.

Few techniques exist for measuring the line tension between liquid-condensed (L) and liquid-expanded (L) monolayer phases important to determining monolayer morphology and interfacial mechanical properties. Two-dimensional Mullins-Sekerka (MS) instability theory and non-perturbative fluorescence microscopy and surface pressure-area isotherms are used to evaluate line tension in monolayers of model lung surfactants composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, and cholesterol. The measured line tensions ranging between 7.

Structural and functional connectomic analysis of high-grade gliomas: A systematic review.

Introduction: High-grade glioma (HGG) is a highly aggressive and proliferative brain cancer. Treatment most often involves maximum safe resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. However, an incomplete understanding of HGG's impact on brain connectivity limits the prediction of post-HGG resection complications and extent-of-resection protocols.

The Austronesian and the Micronesian Comparative Dictionaries as CLDF datasets.

The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary has served as an important resource for the comparative study of Austronesian languages since Robert Blust started its compilation in 1990. Likewise, the Micronesian Comparative Dictionary - an online database of Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions previously published in Oceanic Linguistics by Byron Bender and colleagues - is an important reference point for comparative Linguistics. The legacy, online versions of both dictionaries share an uncertain future, and both have not been available in a structured format, amenable to quantitative methods.

Vaccine fatigue and influenza vaccination trends across Pre-, Peri-, and Post-COVID-19 periods in the United States using epic's cosmos database.

Introduction: Influenza vaccination is a critical public health measure, especially amidst the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses Epic's Cosmos database to analyze influenza vaccination trends across demographic groups in the United States, examining the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and "vaccine fatigue" on influenza vaccination rates.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzes influenza vaccination rates pre- (1 May 2018-31 May 2019), peri- (1 May 2020-31 May 2021), and post-COVID-19 (1 May 2023-31 May 2024).

Faster and better than a physician?: Assessing diagnostic proficiency of ChatGPT in misdiagnosed individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a commonly misdiagnosed condition. Driven by cost-consciousness and technological fluency, distinct generations may gravitate towards healthcare alternatives, including artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer). Our objective was to evaluate the speed and accuracy of ChatGPT-3.

Topological Data Analysis for Particulate Gels.

Soft gels, formed via the self-assembly of particulate materials, exhibit intricate multiscale structures that provide them with flexibility and resilience when subjected to external stresses. This work combines particle simulations and topological data analysis (TDA) to characterize the complex multiscale structure of soft gels. Our TDA analysis focuses on the use of the Euler characteristic, which is an interpretable and computationally scalable topological descriptor that is combined with filtration operations to obtain information on the geometric (local) and topological (global) structure of soft gels.

Dynamic Expansion and Contraction of Multiple Sclerosis T2-Weighted Hyperintense Lesions Are Present below the Threshold of Visual Perception.

Background And Purpose: The study of T2-weighted hyperintense lesions resulting from autoimmune inflammatory injury and associated volumes within the CNS remains fundamental to the diagnosis and disease surveillance of MS. We investigated the dynamic changes of individual T2-weighted hyperintense MS lesions on MRI and hypothesized that variations may be present below the threshold of visual perception when evaluating longitudinal data.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed of people with MS, incorporating data from 3 consecutive MRI time points acquired within a single academic center.

Generative artificial intelligence versus clinicians: Who diagnoses multiple sclerosis faster and with greater accuracy?

Background: Those receiving the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) over the next ten years will predominantly be part of Generation Z (Gen Z). Recent observations within our clinic suggest that younger people with MS utilize online generative artificial intelligence (AI) platforms for personalized medical advice prior to their first visit with a specialist in neuroimmunology. The use of such platforms is anticipated to increase given the technology driven nature, desire for instant communication, and cost-conscious nature of Gen Z.

The neurosurgeon workforce: a geographical gender-focused analysis of the trends in representation of neurosurgeons and choices in training over 70 years.

Objective: Neurosurgeons frequently move throughout their careers, with moves driven by personal and professional factors. In this study, the authors analyzed these migration trends through a dynamic migratory map and statistical review, with a particular focus on differences in education and practice patterns between male and female neurosurgeons.

Methods: A list containing all board-certified and -affiliated US neurosurgeons practicing in 2019 was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.

The State of Machine Learning in Outcomes Prediction of Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this analysis is to assess the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the prediction of postoperative outcomes, including complications, recurrence, and death in transsphenoidal surgery. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed all papers that used at least one ML algorithm to predict outcomes after transsphenoidal surgery. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies published prior to May 12, 2021.

Treatment transitions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder increase risk for disease advancement.

Background: People with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (PwNMOSD) commonly switch between disease modifying therapies, yet the consequence of transitions remains unknown. We aimed to understand if treatment transitions due to medical, non-medical, and tolerability reasons were related to disease progression.

Methods: A retrospective study of medical records for PwNMOSD was performed between 2008 and 2022.

Comparisons between human and rodent hepatic glutathione S-Transferase activities reveal sex and species differences.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are conjugating enzymes involved in drug metabolism, antioxidant defence, and cell signalling. Herein, we investigated hepatic GST conjugation in several mouse and rat strains, including both sexes, with a direct comparison to humans.Using general and isoform-selective substrates, all mouse strains had significantly greater activities than humans for total cytosolic GST, GST-M, GST-T, and microsomal GST activities.

High-efficacy therapies reduce clinical and radiological events more effectively than traditional treatments in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Background: People with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) experience debilitating neurological attacks, resulting in permanent disability.

Objective: To evaluate if high-efficacy treatment was better than traditional agents at preventing disease advancement in pwNMOSD.

Methods: A retrospective study of pwNMOSD at one academic center was performed.

Trends in Technology for Pedicle Screw Placement: A Temporal Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic Review.

Objective: We sought to determine which method of the pedicle screw (PS) placement is most accurate and understand how the development of subsequent generations of robotic systems has changed placement accuracy over time.

Summary Of Background Data: Previous studies have demonstrated the success of robotic PS placement, but how this accuracy compares to other methods is unclear.

Factors associated with the misdiagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune condition that is associated with severe disability. Approximately 40% of individuals are misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) or other diseases. We aimed to define factors that influence the misdiagnosis of people with NMOSD and provide strategies for reducing error rates.

Dorsal medulla surface texture: Differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: The timely and accurate diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is essential and exposure to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies may result in permanent neurological disability.

Methods: Standardized 3-Tesla 3-dimensional brain MRI studies were retrospectively studied from people with NMOSD, MS, other CNS neurological diseases, and healthy control subjects. Comparisons of surface texture characteristics at the area postrema involving absolute introverted planar triangle counts, representing more complex and concave tissue topography, along with the spatial dissemination pattern of these triangles were performed cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Evaluating robotic pedicle screw placement against conventional modalities: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: Several approaches have been studied for internal fixation of the spine using pedicle screws (PSs), including CT navigation, 2D and 3D fluoroscopy, freehand, and robotic assistance. Robot-assisted PS placement has been controversial because training requirements, cost, and previously unclear benefits. This meta-analysis compares screw placement accuracy, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and overall complications of PS insertion using traditional freehand, navigated, and robot-assisted methods.

Robotic external ventricular drain placement for acute neurosurgical care in low-resource settings: feasibility considerations and a prototype design.

Objective: Emergency neurosurgical care in lower-middle-income countries faces pronounced shortages in neurosurgical personnel and infrastructure. In instances of traumatic brain injury (TBI), hydrocephalus, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, the timely placement of external ventricular drains (EVDs) strongly dictates prognosis and can provide necessary stabilization before transfer to a higher-level center of care that has access to neurosurgery. Accordingly, the authors have developed an inexpensive and portable robotic navigation tool to allow surgeons who do not have explicit neurosurgical training to place EVDs.

Characterization of Hepatic UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzyme Abundance-Activity Correlations and Population Variability Using a Proteomics Approach and Comparison with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.

The expression of ten major drug-metabolizing UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in a panel of 130 human hepatic microsomal samples was measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based approach. Simultaneously, ten cytochromes P450 and P450 reductase were also measured, and activity-expression relationships were assessed for comparison. The resulting data sets demonstrated that, with the exception of UGT2B17, 10th to 90th percentiles of UGT expression spanned 3- to 8-fold ranges.

Using data from food challenges to inform management of consumers with food allergy: A systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Eliciting doses (EDs) (eg, ED or ED values, which are the amounts of allergen expected to cause objective symptoms in 1% and 5% of the population with an allergy, respectively) are increasingly being used to inform allergen labeling and clinical management. These values are generated from food challenge, but the frequency of anaphylaxis in response to these low levels of allergen exposure and their reproducibility are unknown.

Objective: Our aim was to determine (1) the rate of anaphylaxis in response to low-level peanut exposure and (2) the reproducibility of reaction thresholds (and anaphylaxis) at food challenge.