Impact of In vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Prebiotic Potential of Coffee Silverskin.

The growing interest in prebiotic ingredients has led to the valorization of agri-food by-products, such as coffee silverskin, known for its richness in dietary fiber and health-promoting compounds. This study evaluated the impact of in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition (carbohydrates, caffeine, and chlorogenic acids) and prebiotic potential (probiotic growth, organic acid production, pH, and antioxidant activity) of milled coffee silverskin. The results show stability of polysaccharides during digestion, while caffeine and 5-caffeoylquinic acid were partially released into the bioaccessible fraction.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Whole Encapsulated Brown Seaweed () in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

: Brown seaweeds, such as , are a promising source of dietary fiber. However, in vivo evidence regarding the effects of intake on the human gut microbiota remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of daily consumption on the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production in overweight adults.

Fecal microbiome analysis in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolically related diseases with rising global prevalence and increasingly evident links to the intestinal microbiota. Research suggests that imbalances in microbiota composition may play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. Specific population cohorts, such as the one in Galicia, Spain, offer the opportunity to analyze microbiota patterns within a distinct geographical and genetic context.

Modulatory effects of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis and Chondrus crispus) on the human gut microbiota via an in vitro model.

This work investigated the nutritional and mineral composition of three red seaweed species, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis and Chondrus crispus, and an in vitro assay was performed to determinate the effects of the intake of whole red seaweed on gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids production and metabolic pathways. The results obtained showed that 100 g of seaweeds contained essential minerals such as 28-107 % daily needs of Ca, 183-600 % daily needs of Fe and 18-54 % daily needs of Zn, whereas low content were found for Cu and I. Seaweed digestion fermentation showed beneficial effects of gut microbiota, as increases in beneficial species such as Akkermansia muciniphila, and in some seaweed, Bifidobacterium adoslescentis, Bacteroides ovatus or Lactobacillus ruminis.

Comparative Study of Lipid Profile for Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide by HPLC-HRMS and Bioinformatics.

Immunodeficiency conditions, which are characterized by reduced immune activity that promotes the development of chronic diseases, are needed for efficient monitoring. A promising area of monitoring and early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases is the determination of metabolic biomarkers in the blood. In this work, we identified a set of lipid biomarkers of immunodeficiency states by performing high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis of blood plasma samples from mice and processing them with bioinformatics approaches.

Compliance with Nutritional Recommendations and Gut Microbiota Profile in Galician Overweight/Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals.

Different research studies have identified specific groups or certain dietary compounds as the onset and progression of obesity and suggested that gut microbiota is a mediator between these compounds and the inflammation associated with pathology. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the dietary intake of 108 overweight (OW), obese (OB), and normal-weight (NW) individuals and to analyze their gut microbiota profile to determine changes and associations with Body Mass Index (BMI) and diet. When individuals were compared by BMI, significant differences in fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake were observed, showing higher adequacy for the NW group.

Effects of Unconventional Work and Shift Work on the Human Gut Microbiota and the Potential of Probiotics to Restore Dysbiosis.

The work environment is a factor that can significantly influence the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota of workers, in many cases leading to gut dysbiosis that will result in serious health problems. The aim of this paper was to provide a compilation of the different studies that have examined the influence of jobs with unconventional work schedules and environments on the gut microbiota of workers performing such work. As a possible solution, probiotic supplements, via modulation of the gut microbiota, can moderate the effects of sleep disturbance on the immune system, as well as restore the dysbiosis produced.

Potential prebiotic effect of two Atlantic whole brown seaweeds, and , using simulation of distal colonic fermentation.

Two brown seaweeds ( and ) were characterized in terms of their nutritional and mineral composition, as well as their potential to modify the human gut microbiota. Nutritional analysis of these seaweeds showed that they comply with the criteria set out in European legislation to be labeled "low fat," "low sugar," and "high fiber." Mineral content analysis showed that 100 g of seaweed provided more than 100% of the daily Ca requirements, as well as 33-42% of Fe, 10-17% of Cu, and 14-17% of Zn requirements.

The Human Gut Virome and Its Relationship with Nontransmissible Chronic Diseases.

The human gastrointestinal tract contains large communities of microorganisms that are in constant interaction with the host, playing an essential role in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Among the gut microbial communities, the gut bacteriome has been most widely studied in recent decades. However, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying the influences that other microbial groups can exert on the host.

Identification and Quantification of 29 Active Substances by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in Lyophilized Swine Manure Samples.

Veterinary drugs are frequently employed to treat and prevent diseases in food-producing animals to improve animal health and to avoid the introduction of microorganisms into the food chain. The analysis of the presence of pharmaceutical residues in animal manure could help to evaluate the legal and illegal practices during food production without harming the animals and to correctly manage manure when it is going to be applied as a fertilizer. This article describes a method for the simultaneous analysis of 29 active substances, mostly antibiotics and antiparasitic agents.

Nutritional composition, heavy metal content and effect on the human gut microbiota of , an underutilized crustacean from the Atlantic coast.

In this study, an undervalued marine crustacean () was characterized in terms of nutritional and heavy metal composition and its potential to affect human gut microbiota. Nutritional analysis of this crustacean revealed that it complies with the criteria established in European legislation to include nutritional claims in their labeling, such as "source of fiber," "low in fat," "low in sugars" and "high in protein." The analysis of the heavy metal content did not reveal any risk derived from the presence of Cd, Hg, or Pb, whereas essential metals contained in 100 g exceeded the minimum daily requirements recommended in Europe for Zn (19.

Changes in lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 isolation in Argentina: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Our aim was to identify changes in population habits induced by COVID-19 confinement in Argentina.

Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults in Argentina on December 2020, requesting possible changes occurring during the COVID-19 outbreak. It included 26 questions regarding general information (age, gender, location), eating habits, desire/anxiety for food or to eat between meals, weight gain, physical activity, and hours of sleep.

A2 Milk: New Perspectives for Food Technology and Human Health.

Although milk consumption is increasing worldwide, in some geographical regions, its consumption has persistently declined in recent decades. This fact, together with the increase in milk production prices, has caused both milk producers and the dairy industry to be immersed in a major crisis. Some possible solutions to this problem are to get people who do not currently consume milk to start drinking it again, or to market milk and dairy products with a higher added value.

Evaluation of the potential prebiotic effect of Himanthalia elongata, an Atlantic brown seaweed, in an in vitro model of the human distal colon.

Until now, although different studies have shown the potential prebiotic effect of seaweed carbohydrates, no studies with the whole seaweeds have been carried out. In addition, the prebiotic effect throughput sequencing remains poorly investigated since most of the published works used qPCR or FISH to estimate bacterial changes. In this work, an in vitro model of the human distal colon was used to determine, for the first time, the potential prebiotic effect of a brown whole seaweed Himanthalia elongata.

Development and Validation of Multi-Residue Method for Drugs Analysis in Human Feces by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The use of veterinary drugs in animal production is a common practice to secure animal and human health. However, residues of administrated drugs could be present in animal food products. Levels of drugs in food of animal origin are regulated within the European Union.

Probiotic Effects against Virus Infections: New Weapons for an Old War.

This review aimed to gather the available literature investigating the effects of probiotics against the most common viral infections using in vitro trials in cell lines and in vivo clinical trials in both experimental animals and humans. Probiotics were employed to prevent and reduce symptoms of infections caused by common viruses, especially respiratory tract viruses, but also for viral digestive infections (such as rotavirus, coronavirus, or norovirus) and other viral infections (such as viruses that cause hepatitis, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus). Different probiotics have been studied to see their possible effect against the abovementioned viruses, among which different species, , , , and can be highlighted.

[Food habits in the Galician population during confinement byCOVID-19].

Introduction: during the COVID-19 crisis food habits have changed among the population as food consumption is now carried out totally at home, and visits to groceries or food centers have decreased considerably. Likewise, other habits, such as physical activity or sleeping hours have also been modified. Objectives: the objective of this work was to evaluate the changes occurred in eating and lifestyle habits among the adult Galician population during the confinement period ordered in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Diabetes Management.

In recent decades, there has been a very rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes globally, with serious health and economic implications. Although today there are several therapeutic treatments for this disease, these do not address the causes of the disease and have serious side effects, so it is necessary to seek new treatments to replace or complement the existing ones. Among these complementary treatments, a strong link between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes has been demonstrated, which has focused attention on the use of biotherapy to regulate the function of the intestinal microbiota and, thus, treat diabetes.

Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review.

Human gut microbiota plays an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases. Various dietary factors, including complex carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides, provide abundant nutrients and substrates for microbial metabolism in the gut, affecting the members and their functionality. Nowadays, the main sources of complex carbohydrates destined for human consumption are terrestrial plants.

Food patterns and nutritional assessment in Galician university students.

The access of the young people to the university marks a fundamental break in their lives that may also result in a substantial change in their dietary habits. The aim of this study was to characterize the food patterns, body composition and biochemical profiles of Galician university students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Campus de Lugo). A total of 62 students participated in this survey.

Influence of food consumption patterns and Galician lifestyle on human gut microbiota.

The proportion of different microbial populations in the human gut is an important factor that in recent years has been linked to obesity and numerous metabolic diseases. Because there are many factors that can affect the composition of human gut microbiota, it is of interest to have information about what is the composition of the gut microbiota in different populations in order to better understand the possibilities for improving nutritional management. A group of 31 volunteers were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were asked about their diet history, lifestyle patterns, and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet.

Food additives, contaminants and other minor components: effects on human gut microbiota-a review.

Gut bacteria play an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases, such as obesity and accompanying co-morbidities, such as fatty liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes, and cardiovascular events. Among other factors, dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and non-dietary factors, such as stress, age, exercise, and climatic conditions, can dramatically impact the human gut microbiota equilibrium and diversity. However, the effect of minor food constituents, including food additives and trace contaminants, on human gut microbiota has received less attention.

Goat sausages containing chitosan towards a healthier product: microbiological, physico-chemical textural evaluation.

Goat meat is extensively known for its interesting nutritional value and for being an important source of protein with high quality. Its food derivatives are, therefore, a good alternative to develop new products addressed to health conscious consumers. In this work, a healthier goat product, namely, a low fat fresh sausage, was produced with the objective of evaluating the effect of inclusion of chitosan on quality, stability and shelf life.

Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Derived from Lactulose (OsLu) Using Soluble and Immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase.

β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae offers a high yield for the synthesis of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) by transgalactosylation. Oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 3 have shown to possess higher in vitro bifidogenic effect than di- and tetrasaccharides. Thus, in this work, an optimization of reaction conditions affecting the specific selectivity of A.