Impact of multidrug resistance in cancer patients with bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from a multicentre study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of multidrug resistance (MDR) on the mortality of cancer patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB).

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective observational multicentre study including cancer patients with BSI caused by GNB (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.

Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Hosts: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.

() is a non-fermentative, aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus typically found in environmental sources such as soil and water. Although considered an opportunistic pathogen, it has been implicated in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. This study presents a case of persistent cathether-related bacteraemia in a 61-year-old haemodialysis patient and offers a systematic literature review of similar cases.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Cardiac Arrest in Patients With Selective Digestive Decontamination.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Temperature management (TM) is recommended since hyperthermia is associated with worse outcomes. Pneumonia is a frequent occurrence following OHCA, and some studies suggest that TM may have a negative impact on its development.

Management of methicillin-resistant bloodstream infections: a comprehensive narrative review of available evidence focusing on current controversies and the challenges ahead.

Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by are common worldwide, representing one of the most relevant issues in clinical infectious diseases practice. In particular, BSIs by methicillin-resistant (MRSA-BSI) are still today a challenge since mortality burden remains elevated although decades of research.

Areas Covered: The following topics regarding MRSA-BSI were reviewed and discussed by resorting to best available evidence retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE up to October 2024: i) epidemiology; ii) microbiology; iii) classification, with a focus on complicated and not complicated forms; iv) the structured approach to the patient; v) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the main antimicrobial options; vi) controversies regarding the best therapeutic approach.

Efficacy of Molnupiravir in Reducing the Risk of Severe Outcomes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Real-Life Full-Matched Case-Control Study (SAVALO Study).

We conducted a real-life case-control study among outpatients with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection to assess the effectiveness of molnupiravir (MNP) in reducing hospital admission, admission to the intensive care unit, and death at day 28. Cases were SARS-CoV-2-positive patients seeking medical care within five days of symptom onset from 1 January to 31 December 2022, who received MNP. Controls were selected from a regional database among positive subjects who did not receive antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2.

Comparing large language models for antibiotic prescribing in different clinical scenarios: which performs better?

Objectives: Large language models (LLMs) show promise in clinical decision-making, but comparative evaluations of their antibiotic prescribing accuracy are limited. This study assesses the performance of various LLMs in recommending antibiotic treatments across diverse clinical scenarios.

Methods: Fourteen LLMs, including standard and premium versions of ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Gemini, Le Chat, Grok, Perplexity, and Pi.

Current role of ceftobiprole in the treatment of hospital-acquired and community-acquired pneumonia: expert opinion based on literature and real-life experiences.

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are major global health challenges, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria may diminish the effectiveness of standard empirical antibiotics, highlighting the need for broader-spectrum agents that target also MDR organisms.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes findings from a PubMed search on the use of ceftobiprole in CAP and HAP.

Fungal Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Background: Despite kidney transplantation being a life-saving procedure, patients experience a high risk of developing fungal infections (FIs), with an increased risk of both morbidity and mortality, especially during the first year after transplant.

Methods: We herein conducted a narrative review of the most common FIs in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), with a focus on prevalence, risk factors, mortality, and prevention strategies.

Results: The most common fungal pathogens in KTRs include species (up to 70% of the overall FIs), species, , and species.

Efficacy of Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in reducing the risk of severe outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a real-life full-matched case-control study (SAVALO Study).

Background: Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (N/r) is an antiviral which targets the main viral protease, administered to prevent the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19. We present a real-life case-control study evaluating the efficacy of N/r therapy in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants positive outpatients in Campania region, Italy, with the aim of assessing the occurrence of three outcomes (hospital admission, admission in ICU and death) in cases and controls.

Methods: We enrolled SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects that came to our attention in Early antiviral treatment ambulatory of Infectious Diseases ward of University Federico II of Naples, Italy from January 1st, 2022, to December 31st, 2022, during the first five days from symptoms occurrence.

Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from the nationwide ALARICO study in Italy.

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) and to compare them to patients with NP caused by carbapenem-susceptible (CS)-GNB.

Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study including patients with bacteremic NP caused by GNB from the ALARICO Network (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality.

A rare association of liver abscess and rhabdomyolysis induced by Klebsiella oxytoca.

Introduction: We report the case of a 76-year-old male who was hospitalized with severe dehydration, pain in the hepatic region, and weakness in the limbs.

Methodology: A contrast-enhanced abdomen CT and a contrast-enhanced ultrasound identified a large liver abscess. The patient underwent percutaneous drainage of the abscess.

Short Course Antibiotic Therapy for Catheter-Related Septic Thrombosis: "Caveat Emptor!": Duration of Therapy Should Not Be Set .

There is a growing body of evidence showing no significant difference in clinical outcomes in patients with uncomplicated Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSIs) receiving 7 or 14 days of therapy. However, the scenario may differ when complicated forms of BSI, such as catheter-related BSIs (CRBSIs) burdened by septic thrombosis (ST), are considered. A recent study showed that a short course of antimicrobial therapy (≤3 weeks) had similar outcomes to a prolonged course on CRBSI-ST.

Predisposing factor, impactful adjunctive treatment or unfavorable prognostic marker: a meta-analysis on the elusive role of dexamethasone for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.

Introduction: There are no randomized controlled trials to inform the choice of using adjunctive dexamethasone (AD) against Listeria monocytogenes meningitis (LMM) and data from observational studies are pretty conflicting.

Methodology: We performed a rapid review of the literature with quantitative analysis. A pairwise random-effects meta-analysis was implemented, pooling unadjusted and adjusted data.