The colonic mucosal virome in inflammatory bowel disease reveals Crassvirales depletion and disease-specific virome features.

The mucosal virome is increasingly recognized for its potential role in shaping intestinal health and disease. Building on previous findings, we analyzed the mucosal virome from 51 individuals, including newly diagnosed treatment naïve participants with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls, incorporating longitudinal sampling for a subset of the participants. Viromes were highly individualized, with no shared or core components across participants.

Microbial bioremediation of persistent organic pollutants in plant tissues provides crop growth promoting liquid fertilizer.

Constructed wetlands are used to clean domestic wastewater via phytoremediation, commonly involving the use of reeds. The process results in the production of large amounts of polluted plant tissues, which are then considered unusable waste products. In this study, the reusability of reeds and nettle-polluted tissues is investigated.

Modulating effects of environmental enrichment on stress-induced changes in the gut microbiome.

Environmental enrichment (EE) involves adding non-standard stimuli, such as running wheels, mazes, and cage mates, to standard animal living conditions to facilitate physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and socialization. Interestingly, exposure to EE can modulate stress and immune responses. However, it is unclear whether housing environments can modulate the effects of stress on the gut microbiome.

Psychological well-being is the major determinant of global health in the first year following a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children.

Unlabelled: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of disorders with no known cure. IBD is impacted by biopsychosocial factors. The burden, psychosocial difficulties, and gene-environment interaction involved in the manifestation of IBD necessitate a fuller understanding of factors which worsen or ameliorate IBD.

Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins in Addressing the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scrutiny of Select Mechanisms of Action.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a spectrum of interconnected conditions comprising obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (IR). While a singular, all-encompassing treatment for MetS remains elusive, an integrative approach involving tailored lifestyle modifications and emerging functional food therapies holds promise in preventing its multifaceted manifestations. Our main objective was to scrutinize the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC, 200 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) in mitigating MetS pathophysiology in male mice subjected to standard Chow or high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diets while unravelling intricate mechanisms.

Pain Trajectories in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Disease Severity, Optimism, and Pain Self-efficacy.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize pain intensity (average, worst) and disease severity in youth with inflammatory bowel disease in the 12-month postdiagnosis, and to examine the relation between pain and risk (disease severity) and resilience (optimism, pain self-efficacy) factors over time.

Methods: Data collection ran from February 2019 to March 2022. Newly diagnosed youth aged 8 to 17 with IBD completed numerical rating scales for average and worst pain intensity, Youth Life Orientation Test for optimism, and Pain Self-Efficacy Scale for pain self-efficacy through REDCap; weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index and the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index were used as indicators of disease severity.

resistance to human milk involves the acyl carrier protein AcpP.

Unlabelled: is a common foodborne pathogen worldwide that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality among infants in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Human milk provides infants with an important source of nutrients and contains antimicrobial components for protection against infection. However, recent studies, including our own, have found significantly higher levels of in diarrheal stool samples collected from breastfed infants compared to non-breastfed infants in LMICs.

The intestinal microbiome, but not clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease, is impacted by lactose malabsorption compared to lactose digestion in children.

Background: Dietary exclusion of lactose from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) persists with speculation that deleterious effects are mediated through intestinal microbes.

Objectives: To compare IBD characteristics and changes in the intestinal microbiome (IM) at diagnosis in children with and without lactose malabsorption (LM).

Methods: A cross-sectional cohort of children (8-17 y of age) diagnosed with Crohn's disease [n = 149 (63%)] or ulcerative colitis (n = 86) that had undergone lactose breath hydrogen testing was evaluated.

Glycomacropeptide as an Efficient Agent to Fight Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome.

There is currently a growing interest in the use of nutraceuticals as a means of preventing the development of complex diseases. Given the considerable health potential of milk-derived peptides, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glycomacropeptide (GMP) on metabolic syndrome. Particular emphasis was placed on the potential mechanisms mitigating cardiometabolic disorders in high-fat, high-fructose diet-fed mice in the presence of GMP or Bipro, an isocaloric control.

The microbiome of two strategies for ammonia removal with the sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor treating cheese production wastewater.

Cheese production facilities must abide by sewage discharge bylaws that prevent overloading municipal water resource recovery facilities, eutrophication, and toxicity to aquatic life. Compact treatment systems can permit on-site treatment of cheese production wastewater; however, competition between heterotrophs and nitrifiers impedes the implementation of the sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SB-MBBR) for nitrification from high-carbon wastewaters. This study demonstrates that a single SB-MBBR is not feasible for nitrification when operated with anerobic and aerobic cycling for carbon and phosphorous removal from cheese production wastewater, as nitrification does not occur in a single reactor.

Effects of pair-housing pubertal and adult male and female mice on LPS-induced age-dependent immune responses: A potential role for the gut microbiota.

Puberty is a critical period of development that is marked by the maturation of the stress and immune systems. There are marked age and sex differences in peripheral and central inflammatory responses to an immune challenge between pubertal and adult mice. Given the strong link between the gut microbiome and immune system, it is possible that the age and sex differences in immune responses are mediated by age and sex differences in gut microbial composition.

Multiomic spatial analysis reveals a distinct mucosa-associated virome.

The human gut virome has been increasingly explored in recent years. However, nearly all virome-sequencing efforts rely solely on fecal samples and few studies leverage multiomic approaches to investigate phage-host relationships. Here, we combine metagenomics, metaviromics, and metatranscriptomics to study virome-bacteriome interactions at the colonic mucosal-luminal interface in a cohort of three individuals with inflammatory bowel disease; non-IBD controls were not included in this study.

Cranberry Proanthocyanidins as a Therapeutic Strategy to Curb Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver-Associated Disorders.

While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is steadily increasing worldwide, no optimal pharmacotherapy is readily available to address its multifaceted risk factors and halt its complications. This growing challenge mandates the development of other future curative directions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) in improving MetS pathological conditions and liver complications; C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow or a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without PACs (200 mg/kg), delivered by daily gavage for 12 weeks.

Butyrate's role in human health and the current progress towards its clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease.

Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes and is produced by the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and also signals through three G-protein coupled receptors. It is clear that butyrate has an important role in gastrointestinal health and that butyrate levels can impact both host and microbial functions that are intimately coupled with each other.

Pubertal consumption of R. badensis subspecies acadiensis modulates LPS-induced immune responses and gut microbiome dysbiosis in a sex-specific manner.

Puberty is a critical period of development characterized by significant brain remodeling and increased vulnerability to immune challenges. Exposure to an immune challenge such as LPS during puberty can result in inflammation and gut dysbiosis which may lead to altered brain functioning and psychiatric illnesses later in life. However, treatment with probiotics during puberty has been found to mitigate LPS-induced peripheral and central inflammation, prevent LPS-induced changes to the gut microbiota and protect against enduring behavioural disorders in a sex-specific manner.

Human milk nutrient fortifiers alter the developing gastrointestinal microbiota of very-low-birth-weight infants.

Nutrient fortifiers are added to human milk to support the development of very-low-birth-weight infants. Currently, bovine-milk-based fortifiers (BMBFs) are predominantly administered, with increasing interest in adopting human-milk-based fortifiers (HMBFs). Although beneficial for growth, their effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota are unclear.

Comprehensive Assessment of Functional Effects of Commonly Used Sugar Substitute Sweeteners on Human Gut Microbiome.

The composition and function of the human gut microbiome are often associated with health and disease status. Sugar substitute sweeteners are widely used food additives, although many studies using animal models have linked sweetener consumption to gut microbial changes and health issues. Whether sugar substitute sweeteners directly change the human gut microbiome functionality remains largely unknown.

Evaluating live microbiota biobanking using an microbiome assay and metaproteomics.

Biobanking of live microbiota is becoming indispensable for mechanistic and clinical investigations of drug-microbiome interactions and fecal microbiota transplantation. However, there is a lack of methods to rapidly and systematically evaluate whether the biobanked microbiota maintains their cultivability and functional activity. In this study, we use a rapid microbiome assay and metaproteomics to evaluate the cultivability and the functional responses of biobanked microbiota to treatment with a prebiotic (fructo-oligosaccharide, FOS).

Structural analysis of Atopobium parvulum SufS cysteine desulfurase linked to Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. A dysbiotic microbiome and a defective immune system are linked to CD, where hydrogen sulfide (H S) microbial producers positively correlate with the severity of the disease. Atopobium parvulum is a key H S producer from the microbiome of CD patients.

Tolerability and SCFA production after resistant starch supplementation in humans: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies.

Background: Resistant starches (RSs) have been advocated as a dietary supplement to address microbiota dysbiosis. They are postulated to act through the production of SCFAs. Their clinical tolerability and effect on SCFA production has not been systematically evaluated.

"The Rest of my Childhood was Lost": Canadian Children and Adolescents' Experiences Navigating Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Children and adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) face significant and unique challenges related to their condition. The aim of this study was to better understand some of these challenges, and to explore how Canadian youth respond to them. We interviewed 25 pediatric patients with IBD, ranging in age from 10-17, to find out about their illness experiences.

Reduced Infection Efficiency of Phage NCTC 12673 on Non-Motile Strains Is Related to Oxidative Stress.

is a Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease and is associated with severe post-infectious sequelae. Bacteriophages (phages) are a possible means of reducing colonization in poultry to prevent downstream human infections. However, the factors influencing phage-host interactions must be better understood before this strategy can be predictably employed.