Life After COVID-19: Alterations Related to Sleep and Circadian Rhythms.

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates reveal that over 777 million people were reportedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, with approximately 7 million deaths and 770 million surviving the disease up to April 2025. Beyond the immediate social and economic impact, an additional challenge arises as a large percentage of COVID-19 survivors report a wide range of symptoms after the acute phase, including fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive difficulties, joint and muscle pain, chest pain, heart palpitations, loss of taste or smell, headaches, depression, anxiety, and sleep and circadian alterations. In this chapter, we will specifically address the sleep- and circadian rhythm-related alterations within this context.

The cannabinoid CB receptor: improvement of sleep or memory in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.

The impact of cannabinoid CB receptor modulation on the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease remains unknown. We investigated the role of nigrostriatal CB receptors modulation in reversing alterations in sleep macrostructure, inter-hemispheric synchronization dynamics, and memory consolidation in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Male Wistar rats (n = 65) underwent stereotaxic surgery for the administration of either rotenone (12 μg/μl) or dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle, 10 % v/v) into the substantia nigra pars compacta.

The Critical Role of Sleep in Enhancing Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary intervention that aims to enhance the physical and psychological well-being of individuals with chronic respiratory diseases. This approach entails the implementation of tailored therapies, including exercise training, education, and behavioral modification. Sleep plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, including the regulation of inflammation and tissue repair, both of which are fundamental to the efficacy of rehabilitation.

The trajectory of sleep after critical illness: a 24-month follow-up study.

Background: Survivors of critical illness endure long-lasting physical and mental challenges. Despite the persistence of poor sleep quality in a considerable proportion of patients at the 12-month follow-up, studies with assessments exceeding this period are limited. We aimed to investigate the trajectory of sleep over the 24 months following critical illness.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in normotensive individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised trial.

Background: The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) in normotensive subjects, particularly among those with a dipping BP pattern, remain uncertain, raising questions about its indication for this group of patients. We assessed the impact of CPAP on BP in normotensive subjects with a dipping BP pattern and severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Methods: This was a randomised, parallel, prospective, controlled trial.

Evaluation of 2 different wrist actigraphy devices in the adult population.

Study Objectives: Actigraphy devices are used in sleep medicine. The Actiwatch 2 (Philips Respironics) was an example of a frequently used device in this field. Nevertheless, the discontinuation of this device has led to an increased necessity for the implementation of other available actigraphy methods capable of providing objective information.

Macro and micro-sleep dysfunctions as translational biomarkers for Parkinson's disease.

Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often appear from the early-phase disease or prodromal stages. In this chapter, we will discuss the current evidence addressing the links between sleep dysfunctions in PD, focusing most closely on those data from animal and mathematical/computational models, as well as in human-based studies that explore the electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms by which PD and sleep may be intertwined, whether as predictors or consequences of the disease. It is possible to clearly state that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) is significantly related to alterations in sleep architecture, particularly affecting rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep, thus impacting sleep quality.

Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Prevent Deleterious Effects of Rotenone on Object Novelty Recognition Memory and Expression in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor signs, but cognitive dysfunction is also observed. Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 is expected to prevent cognitive impairment. To test this in PD, we promoted a lesion within the substantia nigra of rats using the neurotoxin rotenone.

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study.

Background: The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae.

Methods: Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals.

Ludic Table: a comparative study between playful rehabilitation and kinesiotherapy in restricting upper limb movements in individuals with stroke.

Stroke is a neurological syndrome resulting from the sudden interruption of blood flow. Among the symptoms/consequences of the stroke are muscle weakness in the lower and/or upper limbs, decreased sensitivity, altered fine motor skills, proprioception, and reflections. The treatment for the motor consequences is orthopedic management, in which the physiotherapist assists the individual in repetitive range of motion exercises, which can be demotivating during the treatment.

The circadian rest-activity pattern predicts cognitive decline among mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease patients.

Background: Alterations in circadian rhythms are present in the presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly contributing to its pathogenesis. However, it is unknown whether such alterations are associated with worse outcomes once individuals are diagnosed with symptomatic disease. We aimed to evaluate the association between the circadian rest-activity pattern and AD-related features in patients with mild-moderate AD.

Sleep profile predicts the cognitive decline of mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease patients.

Study Objectives: To investigate the association between sleep and cognitive decline of patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Observational, prospective study, including consecutive patients diagnosed with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected for amyloid-beta, total-tau, and phospho-tau levels determination.

MT melatonin receptors expressed in the olfactory bulb modulate depressive-like behavior and olfaction in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease.

Melatonin MT and MT receptors are expressed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb (OB); however, the role of these receptors has not been evaluated until now. Considering the association of the OB with olfactory and depressive disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), we sought to investigate the involvement of melatonin receptors in these non-motor disturbances in an intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD. We demonstrate the presence of functional melatonin receptors in dopaminergic neurons of the glomerular layer.

Decrease in sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak.

Purpose: The COVID-19 outbreak witnessed in the first months of 2020 has led to unprecedented changes in society's lifestyles. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of this unexpected context on sleep.

Methods: During the COVID-19 outbreak, we performed an online survey with individuals formerly recruited for validation of the Spanish version of the sleep questionnaire Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, and Duration (SATED).

Disruption of neocortical synchronisation during slow-wave sleep in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease motor dysfunctions are associated with improperly organised neural oscillatory activity. The presence of such disruption at the early stages of the disease in which altered sleep is one of the main features could be a relevant predictive feature. Based on this, we aimed to investigate the neocortical synchronisation dynamics during slow-wave sleep (SWS) in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.