An Unexpected Culprit: Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage due to Duodenal Histoplasmosis in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Histoplasmosis has a wide spectrum of presentations ranging from mild pulmonary disease to a more widespread infection leading to disseminated histoplasmosis. Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis is a rare form of disseminated histoplasmosis that most commonly causes nonspecific symptoms and rarely presents with serious symptoms. Duodenal involvement is further rare but can cause ulcerated lesions leading to upper gastrointestinal bleed.

The 2024 report of the MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australia emerging as a hotspot for litigation.

The MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established in 2017 and produced its first national assessment in 2018 and annual updates in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. It examines five broad domains: health hazards, exposures and impacts; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. In this, the seventh report of the MJA-Lancet Countdown, we track progress on an extensive suite of indicators across these five domains, accessing and presenting the latest data and further refining and developing our analyses.

The carbon footprint of health care delivery in Western Australia's public health system.

Background: Health systems have a dual imperative to take action on climate change. First, they must develop climate resilient health services in response to the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on health. Second, they must reduce their own carbon footprint since health systems are a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions.

Mortality burden attributable to exceptional PM air pollution events in Australian cities: A health impact assessment.

Background: People living in Australian cities face increased mortality risks from exposure to extreme air pollution events due to bushfires and dust storms. However, the burden of mortality attributable to exceptional PM levels has not been well characterised. We assessed the burden of mortality due to PM pollution events in Australian capital cities between 2001 and 2020.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the site of tracheo-esophageal fistula repair in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

With increasing survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), complications such as gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are becoming more apparent, especially in transplanted patients. In patients with CF, these malignancies are most commonly found in the small bowel, colon, biliary tract and pancreas. We describe a patient with esophageal squamous cell cancer at the site of trachea-esophageal fistula repair in the setting of long-standing CF.

A novel methodology for fast reservoir simulation of single-phase gas reservoirs using machine learning.

Reservoir simulation is needed for forecasting hydrocarbon production, determining pressure and saturation, well planning, and field development, among other things. The primary objective is to estimate reservoir performance over a period of time and use that data to enhance hydrocarbon recovery under existing operating conditions. In commercial reservoir simulators, a large number of grid blocks are employed to capture the comprehensive information about a reservoir model, such as porosity and permeability, when the reservoir becomes heterogeneous and complicated.

Application of machine learning in predicting oil rate decline for Bakken shale oil wells.

Commercial reservoir simulators are required to solve discretized mass-balance equations. When the reservoir becomes heterogeneous and complex, more grid blocks can be used, which requires detailed and accurate reservoir information, for e.g.

Climate change, health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in NSW, Australia.

The NSW (New South Wales) Climate Change Policy Framework, launched by the NSW Government in 2016, recognises that climate change presents risks to health and wellbeing. Risks to health and wellbeing come from direct impacts of extreme weather events, and from indirect impacts through effects on air, water, food and ecosystems. Responding to these challenges offers an opportunity to protect and promote health by enhancing environmental amenities, and building adaptive capacity and resilience in populations and systems.

Building an environmentally accountable medical curriculum through international collaboration.

Background: Global environmental change is associated with significant health threats. The medical profession can address this challenge through advocacy, health system adaptation and workforce preparedness. Stewardship of health systems with attention to their environmental impacts can contribute to mitigation of and adaptation to negative health impacts of environmental change.

Influenza outbreak preparedness: lessons from outbreaks in residential care facilities in 2014.

This report describes 6 influenza outbreaks in residential care facilities during the 2014 influenza season in the Sydney Local Health District. Vaccination rates were high among residents (95%) and low among staff (39%). The majority of residents with laboratory confirmed influenza (67%) did not meet the influenza-like illness case definition.

The effect of temperature on exhaled breath condensate collection.

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection is an innovative method of non-invasively sampling the lung, and can detect a variety of volatile and non-volatile biomarkers, but the disadvantage is the small volume of sample collected. It was hypothesized that a collection system at a lower temperature would increase the volume collected, but may alter the relative concentration of the biomarkers of interest. EBC was collected in a cross-over study using a custom-made collection system, cooled using either wet (4 °C) or dry ice (-20 °C) in randomized order in normal non-smoking volunteers.