Hip capsular thickness as a marker for inflammatory conditions (capsulitis): an MRI-based case-control study.

Objectives: To determine whether MRI can differentiate hips with nonspecific inflammatory conditions from controls based on measurements of the capsule and to identify the most significant measurements.

Methods: In this retrospective and case-control study, we reviewed hip MRIs containing the term "capsulitis" in the reports. Cases with other known diagnoses or confounding joint pathologies were excluded.

Distal tibiofibular syndesmotic instability: revisiting essential concepts and clarifying advanced imaging tests.

Most acute ankle sprains involve injuries to the lateral collateral ligaments, while a smaller proportion pertain to injuries of the deltoid ligament or the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis ligaments. Despite being less common, syndesmotic injuries can lead to persistent symptoms, extended recovery periods, and more intricate treatment protocols compared to lateral collateral ligament injuries. In the decision-making process for treating syndesmotic injuries, evaluating both ligament tears and the degree of joint instability is essential, as the latter determines whether a patient should be treated conservatively or surgically.

Musculoskeletal manifestations of sickle cell disease: an imaging perspective.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a spectrum of inherited blood disorders, leading to propensity to sickling disruption of red blood cells. Musculoskeletal complications are a common cause of acute and chronic morbidities, related to the main pathophysiological processes: (i) hemolysis and anemia, resulting in marrow hyperplasia and extramedullary hematopoiesis; and (ii) vaso-occlusion, leading to osteonecrosis/bone infarction, myonecrosis, and infection (osteomyelitis and septic arthritis). Knowing the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations is essential for imaging interpretation, but differentiation between acute osteomyelitis and bone infarction remains a clinical and imaging challenge, therefore requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

The sternum in detail: a review of the anatomy and pathologies of the sternum.

The sternum and the sternoclavicular joints can exhibit a wide range of anatomical variations and serve as sites for numerous diseases, many of which are diagnosed solely through imaging studies. Recognizing these variations and differentiating them from pathological conditions is essential for radiologists, because accurate identification helps prevent misdiagnoses and treatment delays. This study provides a comprehensive review of the sternal anatomy, addressing anatomical variations, as well as mechanical, inflammatory, and traumatic pathologies, discussing their radiographic characteristics across different imaging modalities.

Axial radiographic structural damage in patients with Enthesitis-Related Arthritis presents a distinct phenotype compared to adults with axial spondyloarthritis: A cross-sectional cohort study.

Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), a distinct subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) related to HLA-B27 and peripheral and axial involvement, presents with insidious onset of arthritis and/or enthesitis. However, there is a lack of data concerning axial new bone formation in patients transitioning into adulthood. To evaluate the axial radiographic structural damage (axRxSD), encompassing the sacroiliac joints (SIJ), hips, and spine, in ERA patients across various age groups.

Imaging Features of Plantar Vein Thrombosis: An Easily Overlooked Condition in the Differential Diagnosis of Foot Pain.

Plantar vein thrombosis is a venous disorder affecting deep plantar veins that can manifest with non-specific localized pain, plantar foot pain, swelling, and sensation of fullness. Plantar veins are not routinely assessed during sonographic scans for deep venous thrombosis, which makes plantar venous thrombosis a commonly missed diagnosis. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the venous anatomy of the foot and imaging findings of plantar venous thrombosis as well as discusses the current literature on the topic and its differential diagnoses.

COVID-19 pneumonia assessed at a private hospital, a field hospital, and a public-referral hospital: population analysis, chest computed tomography findings, and outcomes.

Objective: To compare a private quaternary referral hospital, a public tertiary hospital, and a field hospital dedicated to patients with COVID-19, regarding patients' characteristics, clinical parameters, laboratory, imaging findings, and outcomes of patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter observational study that assessed the association of clinical, laboratory and CT data of 453 patients with COVID-19, and also their outcomes (hospital discharge or admission, intensive care unit admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality caused by COVID-19).

Results: The mean age of patients was 55 years (±16 years), 58.

Musculoskeletal pitfalls in Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in normal prostate cells and overexpressed in prostate cancer. Consequently, it is an important tool in the evaluation of prostate cancer, including the staging of high-risk patients and the assessment of biochemical recurrence. Despite the "specific" designation, benign musculoskeletal conditions, such as fractures, osteodegenerative changes, and fibrous dysplasia, can also show PSMA uptake, which can lead to misinterpretation of the imaging findings.

Imaging features of the postoperative spine: a guide to basic understanding of spine surgical procedures.

Spinal surgical procedures are becoming more common over the years, and imaging studies can be requested in the postoperative setting, such as a baseline study when implants are used, or when there is a new postoperative issue reported by the patient or even as routine surveillance. Therefore, it helps the surgeon in the appropriate management of cases. In this context, there is increasing importance of the radiologist in the adequate interpretation of postoperative images, as well as in the choice of the most appropriate modality for each case, especially among radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine.

Advanced Imaging in the Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: An Algorithmic Approach.

Imaging examinations are a fundamental part of assessing chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Plain radiographs are used in the initial examination, whereas stress radiographs can be requested to actively search for instability. Ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allow direct visualization of ligamentous structures, with the advantage of dynamic evaluation for US, and assessment of associated lesions and intra-articular abnormalities for MRI, which plays an essential role in surgical planning.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional Ankle CT Scan With External Rotation and Dorsiflexion in Patients With Acute Isolated Syndesmotic Instability.

Background: Syndesmotic injury in an athletic population is associated with a prolonged ankle disability after an ankle sprain and often requires a longer recovery than a lateral collateral ligament injury. Although several imaging tests are available, diagnosing syndesmotic instability remains challenging.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ankle computed tomography (CT) scans with the joint in external rotation and dorsiflexion and compare it with that of conventional ankle CT scans in a neutral position.

Incidence of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Adhesive capsulitis is an inflammatory disease of the joint capsule, clinically manifested as pain, stiffness, and dysfunction of the shoulder. We subjectively observed an increased incidence of adhesive capsulitis, and raised the hypothesis that adhesive capsulitis was more frequent in magnetic resonance imaging examinations performed during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared with examinations prior to this period.

Methods: Data from medical records and magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder presenting typical imaging findings of adhesive capsulitis, performed in our organization from March to June 2020, were evaluated and compared with data and imaging from the same period of the previous year.

Prognostic factors of worse outcome for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with emphasis on chest computed tomography data: a retrospective study.

Objective: To evaluate anthropometric and clinical data, muscle mass, subcutaneous fat, spine bone mineral density, extent of acute pulmonary disease related to COVID-19, quantification of pulmonary emphysema, coronary calcium, and hepatic steatosis using chest computed tomography of hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and verify its association with disease severity.

Methods: A total of 123 adults hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in the present study, which evaluated the anthropometric, clinical and chest computed tomography data (pectoral and paravertebral muscle area and density, subcutaneous fat, thoracic vertebral bodies density, degree of pulmonary involvement by disease, coronary calcium quantification, liver attenuation measurement) and their association with poorer prognosis characterized through a combined outcome of intubation and mechanical ventilation, need of intensive care unit, and death.

Results: Age (p=0.

Fraturas do esqueleto apendicular e critérios de manejo cirúrgico: ensaio iconográfico.

A elevada prevalência de fraturas e o importante papel dos exames de imagem nesse contexto requerem que o radiologista esteja familiarizado com seus principais padrões, especialmente as fraturas com manejo essencialmente cirúrgico. Este estudo apresenta uma série de casos ilustrativos e uma breve revisão da literatura, com o objetivo de demonstrar algumas das principais fraturas do esqueleto apendicular com manejo cirúrgico, agrupadas didaticamente por articulação. Foram selecionadas radiografias e tomografias computadorizadas de casos didáticos ilustrativos do arquivo de imagens do nosso serviço.

Influence of body composition assessed by computed tomography on mortality in older adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: The incidence of most hematologic malignancies increases with age. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides a potentially life-prolonging or curative option for many patients in this scenario. Limited data assessed from computed tomography (CT) images are available on muscle mass and density outcomes after HSCT.

Quality and safety innovations in the Radiology Department during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Latin American experience.

Radiology departments were forced to make significant changes in their routine during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, to prevent further transmission of the coronavirus and optimize medical care as well. In this article, we describe our Radiology Department's policies in a private hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 preparedness focusing on quality and safety for the patient submitted to imaging tests, the healthcare team involved in the exams, the requesting physician, and for other patients and hospital environment.

Comparative CT with stress manoeuvres for diagnosing distal isolated tibiofibular syndesmotic injury in acute ankle sprain: a protocol for an accuracy- test prospective study.

Introduction: Although several imaging options are available for diagnosing syndesmotic injury, a fundamental question that guides treatment remains unanswered. Syndesmotic instability is still challenging to diagnose correctly, and syndesmotic disruption and true syndesmotic instability should be differentiated. Currently, imaging tests quickly diagnose severe syndesmotic instability but have difficulty in diagnosing mild and moderate cases.