Carbapenemase-encoding genes in critical gram-negative bacteria isolated from ICU patients with infections and/or gastrointestinal carriage, and environmental samples in the amhara National Regional state, Ethiopia.

Effective infection control requires identifying and eliminating carbapenemase-producing (CP) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in high-risk groups like intensive care unit (ICU) patients and from contaminated environmental surfaces. This study aimed to describe the diversity of carbapenemase-encoding genes among critical GNB isolates from ICU patients with infection and/or gastrointestinal (GI) colonization, as well as from ICU environmental surfaces in the Amhara National Regional state, Ethiopia.A total of 169 carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified, including 26 from infections, 82 from GI colonization, and 61 from environmental samples.

Activation and proliferation profiles of M.tuberculosis specific dual functional CD4+T cells from smear negative pulmonary TB patients.

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in the resource-limited endemic setting of sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnostic challenge becomes worse for smear-negative TB cases. Even if efforts for non-sputum-based TB diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, there was limited data on blood-based immunological biomarkers among smear-negative PTB patients.

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria among surgical site infection patients in Ethiopia: a multicenter prospective study.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Gram-negative bacteria are public health threats. This study aims to characterize ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from surgical site infection patients. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at four hospitals located in central (Addis Ababa), southern (Hawassa), northern (Debre Tabor), and Southwestern (Jimma) parts of Ethiopia.

Assessing the feasibility of HPV screening for cervical cancer in pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Pregnant women have historically and are currently being excluded from cervical cancer screening in most low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of including pregnant women in a HPV self-sampling-based screening program in Ethiopia. Pregnant women, recruited from a previously established cohort, were included.

Phenotypic and genotypic relationships between Shigella species and Escherichia coli O37:H10 isolates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic differences between Shigella species and E. coli O37:H10, as well as their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence factors, in children aged under five with diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Results: Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), all 28 S.

Rift Valley fever virus and Coxiella burnetii infections among febrile patients, Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus and Coxiella burnetii infections are significant public health concerns in East Africa, causing recurring outbreaks. However, the prevalence of these pathogens among febrile patients in Ethiopia remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of these infections among febrile patients.

Draft genome sequence data of responsible for cholera outbreaks in Ethiopia.

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by . Low-income countries, including Ethiopia, have been attacked by repeated outbreaks. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of O1 strains isolated from clinical samples in Ethiopia.

Comparative performance and age dependence of tuberculin and defined antigen bovine tuberculosis skin tests assessed with Bayesian latent class analysis.

Tuberculin skin tests (TST), the primary diagnostic tool for bovine tuberculosis (bTB), cross-react with BCG vaccine. Recently developed defined antigen skin tests (DSTs) aim to differentiate infected amongst vaccinated animals. We evaluated the field performance of different interpretations of the TST and DSTs relative to IGRA and IDEXX M.

Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments.

Introduction: The Gram-Negative bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR-GNB), pose a global health threat due to high morbidity and mortality. Detecting carbapenemase-encoding genes is essential for understanding their spread in hospital environments. This study investigated environmental colonization by CR-GNB in Ethiopian hospitals, including genetic characterization of resistance genes.

Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People in Eastern Ethiopia.

Background And Aims: In Ethiopia, HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) data are limited owing to a lack of routine genotyping resistance tests. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 PDR mutations and genetic diversity among newly diagnosed people with HIV in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: HIV RNA was extracted using Abbott m2000sp.

Determinants of diarrheal diseases among patients attending public health centers in Addis Ababa and Hossana, Ethiopia: a matched case-control study.

Background: The incidence of diarrheal diseases varies widely between and within countries due to different socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural factors. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of diarrheal diseases among patients attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana, Ethiopia.

Methods: An age-matched case-control study was conducted in health facilities to recruit study participants and collect data from December 2021 to September 2022.

Lineage B Genotype III of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 (DENV-3III_B) Is Responsible for Dengue Outbreak in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, 2023.

The eastern parts of Ethiopia, including Dire Dawa City, have experienced annual dengue fever (DF) outbreaks since 2013, leading to significant healthcare and economic impacts. However, comprehensive evidence on the specific dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes involved remains limited. During the 2023 DF outbreak, the National Arbovirus Laboratory received seventy serum samples from suspected DF patients.

Plasma cell-free DNA assay: a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis lymphadenitis.

Background: Bacterial confirmation in suspected tuberculosis lymphadenitis patients is challenging. This study evaluates plasma cell-free DNA as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis lymphadenitis.

Methods: A quantitative PCR assay targeting IS, IS, and genes was performed on plasma samples.

Persistence and clearance rates of human papillomaviruses in a cohort of women treated or not treated for cervical dysplasia in northwest Ethiopia.

Persistence of high-risk Human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) infection increases the risk of precancerous lesions development. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence and clearance rate of HPV infection. A prospective cohort study was conducted between January and December 2023 among patients attending gynecology unit of FHCSH in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia.

High-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in previously unscreened reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: A community-based cohort study.

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotype is needed for adequate cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination program evaluation as recommended by different guidelines. We aimed to assess the rate of HPV infection and HPV genotype distribution using vaginal self-sampling in a cohort of unscreened reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. A community-based cohort study was conducted with women aged 23-46 living in Adama, Ethiopia.

Competing risks multi-state model for time-to-event data analysis of HIV/AIDS: a retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of death among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Its significant impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the crucial link between these two diseases. While the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a dramatic decline in mortality rates among HIV/AIDS patients, TB continues to pose a substantial threat.

Molecular and clinical insights into extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia.

Background: Klebsiella bacterial strains harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are the primary culprits behind neonatal sepsis globally. These strains significantly impact clinical outcomes due to their multi-drug resistance patterns in local healthcare settings. In response to this spiraling threat, we studied the prevalence and clinical implications of ESBL-encoding genes in neonates hospitalized with confirmed sepsis.

Candidate serum protein biomarkers for active pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in tuberculosis endemic settings.

Background: Identification of non-sputum diagnostic markers for tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed. This exploratory study aimed to discover potential serum protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB (PTB).

Method: We employed Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) to measure levels of 92 protein biomarkers related to inflammation in serum samples from three patient groups: 30 patients with active PTB, 29 patients with other respiratory diseases with latent TB (ORD with LTBI+), and 29 patients with other respiratory diseases without latent TB (ORD with LTBI-).

A prospective, multicenter study of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine with or without hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia.

Background: Historically, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was considered uncommon in Africa, leading to a reluctant attitude to birth-dose HBV vaccination on the continent. As a randomized trial would be unethical, real-life data are needed to assess the effect of HBV birth-dose vaccine in Africa.

Methods: A multicenter, prospective, observational study of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women and their infants was carried out in Ethiopia, from January 2019 to May 2021.

Diarrheagenic in Stool Specimens Collected from Patients Attending Primary Healthcare Facilities in Ethiopia: Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Molecular Characterization.

The diarrheagenic (DEC) is the major cause of diarrheal diseases in Africa, including Ethiopia. However, the genetic diversity of pathotypes found in Ethiopia has not been studied well. This study aimed to characterize potential DEC belonging to enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) pathotypes from stool specimens of patients attending primary healthcare units ( = 260) in Addis Ababa and Hossana using whole-genome sequencing.

High prevalence of colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in the community in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: risk factors, carbapenem resistance, and molecular characterization.

Background: Globally, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are major causes of hospital-acquired infections and there are increasing concerns about their role in community-acquired infections.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and Carbapenemase-producing-Carbapenemresistant-Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) and associated factors in community settings in Gulele sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 healthy individuals.