Site and sex specific bone mineral content, and density trajectories from adolescence through to 15 years post peak bone mass.

Background: Relatively, little is known about bone parameter trajectories after attainment of peak bone mass (PBM).

Aim: To investigate the individual and mean trajectories of bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) after the attainment of PBM at four anatomical sites (Total Body (TB), Lumbar Spine (LS), Total Hip (TH), Femoral Neck (FN)).

Subjects And Methods: SITAR models were fitted to 162 individual's (70 males and 92 females) longitudinally collected bone parameters.

Enhancement of a Mathematical Model for Predicting Puberty Stage in Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Previously, we developed a mathematical model capable of predicting pubertal development (PD) through seven anthropometric variables, with an accuracy of 75%. We believe that it is possible to develop a similar model that uses fewer anthropometric measurements and provides greater precision.

Objective: Develop a mathematical model capable of predicting PD through anthropometric variables.

Are There Sensitive Periods for Skill Development in Male Adolescent Basketball Players?

Purpose: Although spurts in physical capacities during adolescence are well known, little is known about the existence of such spurts in sport-specific skill development, especially during the period of rapid growth in stature. Our aims were to examine the timing, intensity, and sequence of basketball-specific skill spurts aligned with biological (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) rather than chronological age. We then defined putative sensitive periods (windows of optimal development) for each skill aligned to the adolescent growth spurt.

Parents, Teachers, and Community: A Team Approach to Developing Physical Competence in Children.

Increasing children's physical activity engagement has short- and long-term health benefits. Developing physical competence is a key component of children's engagement in physical activity. The purpose of our study was to assess if a 12-week home, school, and community-based physical literacy intervention improved the physical competence of children in kindergarten and grade one.

The effects of body size and training environment on the physical performance of adolescent basketball players: the INEX study.

Background: Although adolescent basketballers differ in body size, shape, and composition, less is known about how these factors interact during physical development.

Aim: We used ontogenetic allometry to identify the optimal body size and shape characteristics associated with physical performance in adolescent basketball players, and investigated the effects of training experience, training volume, maturity status, and club characteristics on physical performance development.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and sixty-four male basketballers, from five age-cohorts (11-15 years of age), were followed consecutively over three years.

Using linear and natural cubic splines, SITAR, and latent trajectory models to characterise nonlinear longitudinal growth trajectories in cohort studies.

Background: Longitudinal data analysis can improve our understanding of the influences on health trajectories across the life-course. There are a variety of statistical models which can be used, and their fitting and interpretation can be complex, particularly where there is a nonlinear trajectory. Our aim was to provide an accessible guide along with applied examples to using four sophisticated modelling procedures for describing nonlinear growth trajectories.

Sex differences in bone mineral content and bone geometry accrual: a review of the Paediatric Bone Mineral Accural Study (1991-2017).

Context: Girls' and boys' growth patterns differ in timing and tempo, and they have different lifestyles with regards to diet and physical activity. These factors have all been linked with bone mineral accrual.

Objective: To identify the associations of boys' and girls' growth, maturation, and lifestyle choices relating to parameters of bone geometry and mineral accrual.

Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study.

Although technical skills are a prerequisite for success in basketball, little is known about how they develop over time. In this study, we model the trajectories of technical skill development in young basketball players and investigate the effects of training experience, training volume, body composition, maturity status, physical performance, and club characteristics on skill development. A total of 264 male basketballers from five age-cohorts (11 to 15 years of age) were followed consecutively over three years using a mixed-longitudinal design.

Lean mass and biological maturation as predictors of muscle power and strength performance in young athletes.

Background: The biological maturation (BM) analyzed by peak height velocity (PHV) and bone age (BA), and lean body mass has been associated with the strength and muscle power of young athletes. However, the ability of BM (PHV and BA) and LM markers to predict muscle strength and power in young athletes remains uncertain.

Objective: The Aim was determine the predicting power of BM markers (PHV and BA) and LM in relation to muscle power of upper and lower limbs and muscle strength of upper limbs in adolescent athletes at puberty.

Clinical and psychosocial stress factors are associated with decline in physical activity over time in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: Physical activity (PA) patterns in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) over time are not well described. The aim of this study was to describe associations of physical activity (PA) with disease activity, function, pain, and psychosocial stress in the 2 years following diagnosis in an inception cohort of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: In 82 children with newly diagnosed JIA, PA levels, prospectively determined at enrollment, 12 and 24 months using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) raw scores, were evaluated in relation to disease activity as reflected by arthritis activity (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-71)), function, pain, and psychosocial stresses using a linear mixed model approach.

Tracking Technical Skill Development in Young Basketball Players: The INEX Study.

This study investigated developmental stability, or tracking, in the development of technical skills in youth male basketball players and retrospectively profiled stable and unstable tracking patterns over time. A total of 97 basketball players were tracked bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. Players were divided into two age-categories according to their age at baseline: under-12; and under-14.

Motor Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.

The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available information regarding longitudinal data addressing young soccer players' motor performance changes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in three databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS. The following descriptors were used: football, soccer, youth, young, player, athlete, physical performance, motor performance, longitudinal.

Body Physique, Body Composition, Physical Performance, Technical and Tactical Skills, Psychological Development, and Club Characteristics of Young Male Portuguese Soccer Players: The INEX Study.

Youth soccer performance is multifaceted, includes physical growth, biological maturation, and physical fitness, and is linked to the sporting environment to which the players are exposed. We aim to describe age-related associations in body physique, body composition, physical performance technical and tactical skills, psychological and club characteristics of male soccer players aged 12 to 14 years. A total of 157 male soccer players clustered into three age-cohorts (12, 13 and 14 years) were recruited from six soccer clubs.

Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study.

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11-15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years.

The role of growth, maturation and sporting environment on the development of performance and technical and tactical skills in youth basketball players: The INEX study.

In this paper, we outline a systematic testing programme developed to help identify excellence in youth basketball players. We examine the links between biological maturation and training experience with anthropometry, body composition, physical performance, technical and tactical skills from five age-cohorts, and characterize, in detail, facets of their environment. In total, 238 young basketball players aged 11-15 years, clustered into five age-cohorts (11, 12, 13, 14, 15 years) were recruited.

Patterns of physical performance spurts during adolescence: a cross-cultural study of Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys.

Data relating physical performance to the timing of the adolescent growth spurt are limited. This study identifies: (i) age-at-peak height velocity (APHV), (ii) physical performance spurt patterns aligned to APHV; and (iii) cross-cultural and time patterns in Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys. A total of 512 boys (131 Canadian, 250 Portuguese and 131 Brazilian), 8-17 years of age were followed serially using longitudinal data.

Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Context: Across adolescence, there is a notable decline in physical activity in boys and girls. Maturational timing may be a risk factor for disengagement from physical activity and increased sedentary behaviours during adolescence.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to summarise literature that examined the relationship between maturational timing, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents.

The role of growth and maturation during adolescence on team-selection and short-term sports participation.

Background: During adolescence, deselection from sport occurs during team try-outs when month of birth, stage of growth and maturation may influence selection.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in growth and maturity related factors between those selected and deselected in youth sports teams and identify short-term associations with continued participation.

Subjects And Methods: Eight hundred and seventy participants, aged 11-17 years, were recruited from six sports try-outs in Saskatchewan, Canada: baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer and volleyball.

Development of Physical Performance Tasks during Rapid Growth in Brazilian Children: The Cariri Healthy Growth Study.

Growth and physical performance scores were studied around three years of attainment of peak height velocity (PHV). We aimed to estimate the age at peak velocity, or at peak rate, in physical performance tasks, and sex-differences when aligned by biological age. A total of 131 boys and 123 girls, 8 to 14 years of age were recruited from the Cariri region of Brazil.

How Does Biological Maturation and Training Experience Impact the Physical and Technical Performance of 11-14-Year-Old Male Basketball Players?

This study (1) investigated the effects of age, maturity status, anthropometrics, and years of training on 11-14-year-old male basketball players' physical performance and technical skills development, and (2) estimated the contribution of maturity status and training years on players' physical and technical performances. The sample consisted of 150 participants, average age 13.3 ± 0.

Relationship Between Trajectories of Trunk Fat Development in Emerging Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Risk at 36 Years of Age.

Objective: This study examined trajectories of trunk fat mass (FM) accrual during emerging adulthood of individuals categorized, at 36 years of age, as having higher compared with lower scores of (1) metabolic risk and (2) blood pressure risk.

Methods: Fifty-five individuals from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-2017) were assessed from adolescence (mean [SD], 11.5 [1.

Modelling the dynamics of children's gross motor coordination.

This study modelled children's gross motor coordination, investigated sex-differences and identified the effects of fixed and dynamic correlates on motor coordination development. A total of 344 Portuguese children (170 girls), from 6 age cohorts (5 to 9 years of age), were followed consecutively for three years (age range 5 to 11 years) using a mixed-longitudinal cohort design. Birth weight, hand dominance and socioeconomic status (SES) were identified.

A mixed-longitudinal study of children's growth, motor development and cognition. Design, methods and baseline results on sex-differences.

Background: There is a renewed interest in longitudinal studies which link children's growth, motor and cognition development. This is important for both educational outcomes and identification of children who are at risk.

Aim: To identify cross-sectional sex-differences.

Effects of Gymnastics Activities on Bone Accrual during Growth: A Systematic Review.

The amount of bone gained during childhood and adolescence impacts greatly on lifetime skeletal health. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence of the effects of gymnastics activities on bone mineral accrual during growth and to describe possible factors that influence bone mineral gains. The PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched, and a total of 24 articles met the selection criteria and were included in this review.