Comparing Time to Recovery Between Initial and Repeat Concussion in Athletes.

Objective: Compare time to recovery between initial and repeat concussions.

Design: Retrospective review of electronic medical record.

Setting: An interdisciplinary concussion clinic.

Diagnosed and Nondisclosed Concussions Among Young Athletes With ADHD.

Objective: Within a sample of young athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to explore the frequency of disclosed and nondisclosed concussions, identify reasons the youth did not report a suspected concussion, and learn the frequency that the youth still practiced or played in a game after a suspected concussion.

Method: Cross-sectional surveys were completed by 448 youth athletes (ages 8-14 years) and a corresponding parent (or caregiver). As part of larger respective surveys, questions regarding ADHD status and concussion history were asked of the youth and parents.

Associations of Sex and Sport Contact-Level with Recovery Timelines Among Collegiate Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion.

Background: Growing interest has motivated recent studies to examine differences in recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC) by sex. However, heterogeneity in study design, participants, and recovery outcomes has led to mixed findings. Further work is needed to evaluate potential differences by sex and to investigate the role of related characteristics, such as sport contact-level, in recovery timelines.

Headache Characteristics of Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion.

Background: Headache is among the most common symptoms following concussion, yet headache after concussion (HAC) remains poorly characterized. This study describes headache characteristics over the first four weeks following pediatric sport-related concussion.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of 87 athletes (mean: 14.

Avenues for prevention using the epidemiology of sport-related concussion from a large high school surveillance study.

Objective: Epidemiology provides fundamental opportunities to protect student-athlete health. The goal of this study was to describe the epidemiology of sport-related concussion (SRC) across 8 years (2015/2016-2022/2023) and compare boys' and girls' sports for SRC incidence and SRC mechanisms.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study performed using a statewide high school head injury surveillance system of high school student-athletes (n = 2,182,128; boys, n = 1,267,389; girls, n = 914,739).

Publicly available data sources in sport-related concussion research: a caution for missing data.

Background: Researchers often use publicly available data sources to describe injuries occurring in professional athletes, developing and testing hypotheses regarding athletic-related injury. It is reasonable to question whether publicly available data sources accurately indicate athletic-related injuries resulting from professional sport participation. We compared sport-related concussion (SRC) clinical incidence using data from publicly available sources to a recent publication reporting SRC using electronic health records (EHR) from the National Football League (NFL).

Parent and Youth Athlete Perceptions of Concussion Injury: Establishing a Factor Structure.

Objective: The first objective was to establish the respective factor structures of a concussion perceptions inventory that was adapted for youth athletes (ages 8-14 years) and their parents from the Perceptions of Concussion Inventory for Athletes. The second objective was to understand the associations between the concussion perceptions of youth athlete-parent dyads.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 329 parent-youth athlete dyads completed a respective concussion perception inventory.

Long-term test-retest reliability of the vestibular/ocular motor screening for concussion in child athletes: A preliminary study.

The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) is a sport-related concussion screening tool that assesses vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) and oculomotor symptom provocation. Long-term test-retest reliability of the VOMS over multiple athletic seasons has not yet been established in a pediatric population. Fifty-one child athletes (females = 28, 54.

Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in Male and Female NCAA Soccer Athletes across Multiple Years: A CARE Consortium Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in neurocognitive, psychosocial, and balance functioning in collegiate male and female soccer players across three consecutive years of baseline testing compared with a control group of noncontact athletes.

Methods: Generalized estimating equations were used to compare changes in annual, preseason baseline measures of neurocognitive function, neurobehavioral and psychological symptoms, and postural stability between collegiate soccer players ( n = 75; 51 [68%] female soccer players) and noncontact athletes ( n = 210; 133 [63%] female noncontact athletes) across three consecutive years.

Results: Among all participants, the group-time interaction was not significant for any outcome measures.

The Role of Reported Affective Symptoms and Anxiety in Recovery Trajectories After Sport-Related Concussion.

Background: There is growing awareness and clinical interest in athletes with affective symptoms after sport-related concussion (SRC), as these symptoms may contribute to overall symptoms and represent a modifiable risk factor of longer recovery. However, evidence of their effects on the entire return-to-play (RTP) trajectory, particularly among women and men, is limited.

Purpose/hypothesis: To examine the relationship between affective symptom reporting and RTP progression after SRC among a cohort of Division 1 student-athletes.

Agreement between parent reported and child self-reported sport-related concussion history: A brief report.

This cross sectional investigation measured the agreement between parent report of their 8-14 year old child's sport-related concussion (SRC) history and their child's self-report of their own SRC history. Parent-child dyads ( = 405) within a youth contact sports (e.g.

Progression through return-to-sport and return-to-academics guidelines for concussion management and recovery in collegiate student athletes: findings from the Ivy League-Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study.

Objective: To examine the progression of collegiate student athletes through five stages of a return-to-activity protocol following sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: In a multisite prospective cohort study, we identified the frequency of initial 24-48 hours physical and cognitive rest, and the sequence of (1) symptom resolution and return to (2) exertion activity, (3) limited sport, (4) full sport and (5) full academics. In resulting profiles we estimated the likelihood of return to full sport ≤14 days or prolonged >28 days and tested for variability based on timing of the stages.

Detection of astrocytic tau pathology facilitates recognition of chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the development of a range of neurodegenerative pathologies, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Current consensus diagnostic criteria define the pathognomonic cortical lesion of CTE neuropathologic change (CTE-NC) as a patchy deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons, with or without glial tau in thorn-shaped astrocytes, typically towards the depths of sulci and clustered around small blood vessels. Nevertheless, although incorporated into consensus diagnostic criteria, the contribution of the individual cellular components to identification of CTE-NC has not been formally evaluated.

A standardized method for quantifying and characterizing repetitive head impacts in soccer matches using video footage.

Soccer athletes experience repetitive head impacts (RHI) through purposeful heading and unintentional head impacts, which may be associated with acute and chronic brain injury. Previous soccer studies have sought to quantify and characterize RHI, but to-date no consistent, standardized methods exist. The Heads-Up Checklist (HUC), originally used for characterizing head impacts in hockey, was modified to be used in soccer (soccer HUC [SHUC]).

Design and Evaluation of a Postpartum Depression Ontology.

Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) remains an understudied research area despite its high prevalence. The goal of this study is to develop an ontology to aid in the identification of patients with PPD and to enable future analyses with electronic health record (EHR) data.

Methods: We used Protégé-OWL to construct a postpartum depression ontology (PDO) of relevant comorbidities, symptoms, treatments, and other items pertinent to the study and treatment of PPD.

Factors associated with parent and youth athlete concussion knowledge.

Introduction: On-site health care providers are not routinely present at all youth sport events. Therefore, parents and youth athletes are often responsible for identifying and making appropriate immediate care decisions regarding concussions, which may be influenced by their injury health literacy. Previous studies have investigated the level of concussion knowledge of parents and athletes, but few have investigated factors associated with greater awareness at the youth sport level specifically.

Avenues for Sport-Related Concussion Prevention in High School Football: Effect of Limiting Collision Practices.

Context: Football continues to demonstrate the highest rate of sport-related concussion (SRC) in high school athletics. To mitigate the SRC risk, the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) implemented rules aimed at reducing the number of collisions occurring in practices.

Objective: To estimate the rates of SRC in MHSAA football programs and evaluate progressive limitations to collision practices over 5 consecutive seasons.

Concussion Nondisclosure in Youth Sports.

Context: Researchers conducting studies about sport-related concussion (SRC) reporting behaviors and reasons for nondisclosure primarily focus on older athletic populations. Youth athletes participating in contact sports are also at risk for SRC; however, little is known about their SRC disclosure patterns and reasons for nondisclosure.

Objective: To examine the self-reported SRC history and reasons for SRC nondisclosure of youth athletes aged 8-14 years.

Examining Concussion Nondisclosure in Collegiate Athletes Using a Health Disparities Framework and Consideration of Social Determinants of Health.

Context: Limited research exists concerning the relationship between the social determinants of health (SDOHs), including race, socioeconomic status (SES), health care access and physical environment and concussion nondisclosure in collegiate athletes. However, among high school athletes, disparities have been noted, with Black athletes who attended under-resourced schools and lacked access to an athletic trainer (AT) disclosing fewer concussions.

Objective: To investigate whether concussion nondisclosure disparities existed by (1) race, (2) SES, or (3) AT health care access before college and understand the differential reasons for concussion nondisclosure between White and Black collegiate athletes.

Paired cognitive flexibility task with symptom factors improves detection of sports-related concussion in high school and collegiate athletes.

Determining the sensitivity and specificity of short neurocognitive assessments to objectively detect concussion will help clinicians more confidently integrate such tools in clinical management decisions. This study quantified the sensitivity and specificity of a computerized cognitive flexibility task isolating shifts of visuospatial attention in combination with clinical symptoms acutely (< 72 h) following concussion. A total of 100 athletes (53 concussed; 47 non-injured control; 42% female) completed computerized neurocognitive testing and clinical symptom reports (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd edition: SCAT3).

Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Lacrosse: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019.

Context: The popularity of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's lacrosse has been steadily increasing since the early 1980s.

Background: Injury surveillance is an important tool to aid in identifying emerging patterns of sport-related injury in NCAA men's lacrosse.

Methods: Injury data collected from a sample of men's lacrosse teams through the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for the academic years 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed.