Metagenomic insights into the influence of soil microbiome on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields under varying irrigation and fertilisation regimes.

Integration of diverse fertilisation strategies with water-saving irrigation techniques presents a promising sustainable agricultural practice, offering the potential to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, enhance carbon sequestration and boost crop yields. However, existing research on the influence of soil microorganisms on biogeochemical processes of GHGs is limited. Herein, we explored the microbial mechanisms influencing GHGs emissions through a 3-year field experiment and metagenomic sequencing conducted in southeastern China.

Dynamics of methane flux in permafrost-affected wetlands: A meta-analysis of permafrost continuity effects and hydrological controls.

Permafrost wetlands are critical and vulnerable components of northern ecosystems, with their methane (CH) emissions representing a major uncertainty in Earth system models. Previous syntheses have disagreed on how permafrost continuity modulates CH fluxes, leaving a blind spot in climate projections. We hypothesize that degradation of permafrost continuity from continuous to discontinuous to sporadic creates a gradient of environmental conditions that drives an exponential shift in CH emissions.

Leadership as a catalyst for advancing social accountability in health professions education: AMEE Guide No. 187.

Social accountability (SA) has become a key principle for health professions education, urging institutions to align their actions with the health priorities of the populations they serve. Despite its importance, many schools struggle to implement SA effectively, often due to fragmented leadership development and a lack of institutional frameworks. This AMEE Guide positions leadership as a strategic, system-wide driver of social accountability.

Safety profile of glucokinase activator AZD1656: systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomised trials in diabetic and healthy volunteers with relevance to immunomodulatory therapy.

Glucokinase enzyme plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, inflammation, and immunity. AZD1656 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) that shows proven efficacy in reducing blood glucose. It also possesses a marked interest in autoimmune diseases due to its immunomodulatory effect.

Integrated structure- and ligand-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent thiazole-based multi-kinase PI3Kα and CDK2/8 inhibitors as anticancer agents.

A small library of novel potential multi-kinase inhibitors was designed by integrating structure- and ligand-based design approaches through terms of hybridization and fragment-based design tools. The required key pharmacophoric features for the individual kinases' inhibition were fused to achieve the desired inhibitory activity against PI3Kα and CDK2, relying on our previously studied strategy of the structure- and ligand-based design approaches' expansion. Thus, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PI3Kα and CDK2/cyclin A2, in addition to CDK8/cyclin C.

Fucoidans are senotherapeutics that enhance SIRT6-dependent DNA repair.

Aging is marked by the accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs), which contribute to tissue dysfunction and age-related diseases. Senotherapeutics, including senolytics which specifically induce lysis of SnCs and senomorphics, which suppress the senescence phenotype, represent promising therapeutic interventions for mitigating age-related pathologies and extending healthspan. Using a phenotypic-based senescent cell screening assay, we identified fucoidans, a class of sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown algae and seaweed, as novel senotherapeutics.

Oxindole-Coumarin Hybrids With Broad-Spectrum Anticancer Activity: Apoptosis Induction and Selective CA IX/XII Targeting.

A scaffold hybridization approach was utilized to enhance the antitumor and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity of our oxindole and coumarin lead compounds (V and X). Two oxindole-coumarin hybrids 6c and 6e showed broad spectrum of anticancer activity with NCI full panel MG-MIDs of 5.01 and 6.

Cellular dynamics and signalling mechanisms in dentine repair: A narrative review.

Background: Bioactive molecules have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to boost the reparative properties of stem cells, including those in the dental pulp. This narrative review aims to deepen our understanding of the dynamics of bioactive molecules in the dental pulp and their role in enhancing hard tissue reparative processes.

Objectives: (i) To discuss the role of different cells and the critical pathways involved in dentine formation through direct (reparative) or indirect (infection control and immunomodulatory) mechanisms.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Adaptive strategies of a medical school during Sudan's armed conflict.

Background: Medical schools play a vital role in healthcare, educating future professionals while upholding a moral and societal duty to address community health needs. In armed conflicts, these responsibilities intensify as health system failures, infrastructure damage, and educational disruptions increase the demand for medical training and community support. This study examines how the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira (FMUG), employs adaptive strategies, crisis management, and collaboration to sustain education, research, and community engagement while addressing evolving health challenges during the Sudan conflict.

Linking Symptom Inventories Using Semantic Textual Similarity.

An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but this variety has led to several long-standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not comparable. This creates a fundamental problem in TBI diagnostics and outcome prediction, namely that it is not possible to equate results drawn from distinct tools and symptom inventories.

Unveiling the potential of xanthines, discovery of potential 7-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione derivatives with antifibrotic activity for liver injury.

A new series of xanthine-based derivatives were designed, synthesized, and investigated to achieve promising antifibrotic and antioxidant agents for management of liver injury. Structure-based optimizations of the methylxanthine-based KMUP-1 (IX) were performed for inhibiting NF-κB activation pathway. All the newly designed xanthine derivatives 3, 4, 5, 6a-d, 7a-d, and 9a-d were in vitro screened for the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method.

Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms.

The advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as "vital pulp therapy", "biomaterials", "dentin regeneration", and "growth factors", with filters for English language studies published in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria focused on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating traditional and next-generation biomaterials for pulp capping and tissue regeneration.

Harnessing plant growth-promoting bacteria to combat watermelon mosaic virus in squash.

Plant diseases significantly threaten global food security, with viral infections, particularly Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV), causing substantial losses in economically important crops such as squash. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of beneficial bacteria isolated from various plants in promoting growth and mitigating the effects of WMV in squash. Understanding the interactions between plants and beneficial microbes could provide sustainable solutions for managing viral infections in agriculture.

Mentorship in surgical training; a systematic scoping review to inform a mentorship framework for ophthalmology trainees.

Background: Mentorship plays a vital role in surgical training. In the field of ophthalmology, effective mentorship is particularly critical due to the specialised nature of surgeries and the need for comprehensive skill development. However, the landscape of mentorship remains underexplored.

Odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitory peptides.

Background: To investigate the effects of peptide-based substrate competitive inhibitors of GSK-3β (GSK-3βi) on promoting odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods: The biocompatibility and proliferation of hDPSCs treated with GSK-3βi peptides (pS9, LRP 6a, L803, and L803-mts) were evaluated using the tetrazolium reduction assay and cell counting kit-8 assay, respectively. The differentiation of hDPSCs following peptide treatment was determined using the alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP), calcium mineralization (alizarin red staining), and quantification of mRNA expression of differentiation markers via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Crosslinker-free hydrogel induces self-aggregation of human dental pulp stem cells with enhanced antibacterial activity.

Recently, injectable hydrogels have garnered significant attention in tissue engineering due to their controlled flowability, strong plasticity, adaptability, and good biocompatibility. However, research on readily injectable -forming hydrogels capable of forming functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue condensations remains limited. This study explores the development and evaluation of a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS)/oxidized hyaluronic acid (oHA) hydrogel incorporated with silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) for tissue engineering applications with inherent antibacterial activity.

Two-stage multi-objective framework for optimal operation of modern distribution network considering demand response program.

To improve the inadequate reliability of the grid that has led to a worsening energy crisis and environmental issues, comprehensive research on new clean renewable energy and efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly energy management technologies is essential. This requires the creation of advanced energy management systems to enhance system reliability and optimize efficiency. Demand-side energy management systems are a superior solution for multiple reasons.

Differential regulatory effects of the N-terminal region in SYK-fusion kinases reveal unique activation-inducible nuclear translocation of ITK-SYK.

ITK-SYK and TEL-SYK (also known as ETV6-SYK) are human tumor-causing chimeric proteins containing the kinase region of SYK, and the membrane-targeting, N-terminal, PH-TH domain-doublet of ITK or the dimerizing SAM-PNT domain of TEL, respectively. ITK-SYK causes peripheral T cell lymphoma, while TEL-SYK was reported in myelodysplastic syndrome. BTK is a kinase highly related to ITK and to further delineate the role of the N-terminus, we generated the corresponding fusion-kinase BTK-SYK.

Demand prediction for urban air mobility using deep learning.

Urban air mobility, also known as UAM, is currently being researched in a variety of metropolitan regions throughout the world as a potential new mode of transport for travelling shorter distances inside a territory. In this article, we investigate whether or not the market can back the necessary financial commitments to deploy UAM. A challenge in defining and addressing a critical phase of such guidance is called a demand forecast problem.

Additive outcome of platelet rich fibrin neourethral coverage of tubularized incised plate in primary distal hypospadias repair.

Background: Healing complications are a significant concern after hypospadias repair, often attributed to deficient growth factors and reduced healing potential of hypospadiac tissue. Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), a new generation of platelet concentrates rich in growth factors, has been successfully applied to provide a mechanical barrier and promote healing in different surgical fields. The objective of this study was to assess the role of a PRF membrane covering the neourethra, in addition to a Dartos flap, optimizing the outcomes of primary distal hypospadias repair.