Retrospective Evaluation of Prognostic Variables and Overall Survival Associated With Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia in 29 Diabetic Cats (2000-2020).

Objective: To compare survival between cats diagnosed with a nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and cats diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and to determine whether clinical parameters, clinicopathologic data, and insulin type are associated with survival. Secondary objectives were to evaluate whether these parameters were associated with survival in cats undergoing a generalized hyperglycemic diabetic crisis.

Design: Retrospective evaluation of medical records of cats diagnosed with DKA and HHS between 2000 and 2020.

Relationship Between Quantitative MRI and Radiological, Histological, and Biochemical Measures of Intervertebral Disc Health in Client-Owned, Nonchondrodystrophic-Breed Dogs.

Background: Client-owned dogs presenting clinically with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) are a potential comparative animal model to help advance the understanding of disc degeneration and its treatment. To utilize dog patients as a model, noninvasive imaging techniques are needed that can characterize subtle and progressive changes in disc health in longitudinal and treatment efficacy studies. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of quantitative MRI techniques in detecting disc degeneration in client-owned, nonchondrodystrophic-breed dogs.

Humanized DRAGA mice are a valuable model to study novel immunotherapies for HIV-1.

Humanized (h) DRAGA mice are a promising in vivo model for investigating immunotherapies for treating HIV infections. These mice are not only susceptible to HIV infection, but they also develop functional human immune cells, including T cells and B cells, as well as follicular-like structures that mimic lymphoid B-cell follicles, where HIV-producing cells concentrate during infection in a manner similar to that found in humans. This study evaluated HIV-infected hDRAGA mice as a model for testing the safety, tissue targeting, and efficacy of HIV-specific CAR/CXCR5 T cells.

Temporal consistency of behavior trait measurements in guide dogs.

Guide dog organizations have strict criteria to breed, raise, and select dogs to assist people with visual impairments. In collaboration with Dr. James Serpell, several guide dog training organizations developed a scoring tool called the Behavior Checklist (BCL) to evaluate candidate guide dogs.

Younger Age Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Adult Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma Receiving Adjuvant Doxorubicin Chemotherapy: Results from the PRO-DOX Study.

Background: Canine hemangiosarcoma is a common and aggressive vascular malignancy predominantly affecting dogs over six years of age. Despite surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, median survival remains around 4-6 months. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) antagonist, has shown efficacy in human angiosarcoma, a tumor with similar clinical and morphological characteristics, when combined with chemotherapy.

Application of adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence for hygiene assessment in a veterinary medical center.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of cleaning protocols and support infection prevention efforts, we instituted ATP bioluminometer monitoring at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center. Our objective with this serial cross-sectional study was to summarize our ATP bioluminescence reading from animal and human contact areas and the impact of seasonality.

Methods: From April 2020 through November 2023, swabs were collected from common contact surfaces at the hospital.

Senior Year Clinical Trainees' Perceptions of a Clinical Entrustment Scale in an Academic Veterinary Medical Center.

Researchers explored senior/clinical year veterinary trainees' perceptions of the Goal Oriented Learner Driven-Entrustment (GOLD-E) scale. Researchers recruited trainees from on-campus clinical service rotations to explore the following questions: 1) How do trainees regard the feedback the GOLD-E tool provides? 2) How do trainees enter into the clinical feedback relationship? 3) How does the GOLD-E tool create opportunities for trainees to engage authentically with themselves and with clinical coaches (i.e.

Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 in air emissions from grow-finish barns.

Background: Diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections can be accomplished using various sample types and testing methods.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using air emission samples to detect the onset of PRRSV type 2 infections in growing pigs.

Methods: Air emissions and oral fluid samples were collected from three grow-finish barns, stocked with PRRSV-negative pigs every 2 weeks for 14-20 weeks.

Naturally occurring influenza reassortment in pigs facilitates the emergence of intrahost virus subpopulations with distinct genotypes and replicative fitness.

Unlabelled: Pigs are recognized as amplifying hosts for influenza A virus (IAV) reassortant viruses. Understanding the extent of IAV reassortment occurring at the individual pig level in naturally infected pigs and how reassortment impacts virus diversity, persistence, and replicative fitness is essential for countering IAV threats to humans and animals. Here, 244 IAV plaques were isolated from 24 commercial pigs, resulting in 26 distinct genome segment constellations.

Implementation of a Clinical Entrustment Scale and Feedback Form in an Academic Veterinary Medical Center: An Empirical Analysis of Goal Oriented Learner Driven-Entrustment (GOLD-E) Assessment Tool.

This paper presents findings from an empirical analysis conducted on the initial implementation of Goal Oriented Learner Driven-Entrustment (GOLD-E). Specifically, researchers examined the following questions: How do faculty, technicians, and residents/interns integrate GOLD-E into their assessment process? Is GOLD-E user friendly (e.g.

Evaluating the ability of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to induce non-specific reactions in bovine tuberculosis diagnostic tests in guinea pigs and cattle.

Limitations in diagnostic test performance are one of the major challenges hampering the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered one of the main causes of non-specific reactions in the intradermal tuberculin test, the most widely used bTB diagnostic test. To determine the role of NTMs in bTB misdiagnosis in Spain, an experimental study including the NTM species most commonly found in bTB-positive animals from bTB-free farms in the country (M.

Prospective, randomized, clinical trial on the effects of laparoscopic insufflation pressures on portal pressures in dogs.

Objective: The adverse effects of intra-abdominal pressure from capnoperitoneum on cardiovascular and pulmonary systems have been well documented, but the effects on portal pressures in dogs with various insufflation pressures is poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to measure the effect of a range of insufflation pressures on the portal pressure, using direct pressure measurements in patients undergoing laparoscopy.

Study Design: Clinical randomized prospective study.

Clustering analysis of lipoprotein profiles to identify subtypes of hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers.

Background: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature Schnauzers, predisposing them to life-threatening diseases. Varied responses to management strategies suggest the possibility of multiple subtypes.

Hypothesis/objective: To identify and characterize HTG subtypes in Miniature Schnauzers through cluster analysis of lipoprotein profiles.

A behavior screening questionnaire improves problem identification in veterinary primary care with implications for patient health.

Objective: To compare how often owners identified concerns about their pets' behavior during routine examinations in 2 test conditions (voluntarily or when completing a questionnaire), and to test the efficacy of a simple behavior screening questionnaire to be used by practicing veterinarians.

Animals: Privately owned dogs and cats presenting for routine examinations to 1 of 2 primary care clinics.

Methods: The study was conducted in 2 sequential phases.

Evaluation of the efficacy of the Lentulo spiral filler operated at four different speeds and with two different techniques in cadaveric canine teeth of dogs.

This study evaluated the effect of filling technique and rotational speed on the efficacy of sealer cement placement using the Lentulo spiral filler. Cadaveric maxillary and mandibular canine teeth (n = 74) from age and breed matched fresh-frozen adult canine cadaver heads were utilized. Following routine mechano-chemical preparation, teeth were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups with varying rotational speeds [250-2,000 revolutions per minute (RPM)] and fill techniques (backfill technique versus pumping technique).

Cell Count and Cell Density Decrease as Age Increases in Cadaveric Pediatric Medial Menisci.

Purpose: To examine the histologic changes in terms of cellularity, cell density, and nuclear shape in medial meniscal cellularity during skeletal development using pediatric cadaver specimens.

Methods: Medial menisci from 26 pediatric cadavers, 11 female and 15 male (total 36 menisci), were obtained from tissue bank. Mean age of female donors was 34 months (1-108 months) and of male donors was 52 months (1-132 months).

Clinical success of guided tissue regeneration for treating vertical bone and furcation defects in dogs.

This study evaluated the clinical success rate of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for treating advanced periodontal disease in a large canine cohort. A total of 112 GTR procedures performed from 2003-2021 were retrospectively evaluated, including pre- and post-treatment (3-12 months) periodontal probing depths of 104 treated teeth, dental radiographs of 73 treated teeth, and both diagnostic modalities in 64 treated teeth. Probing depth, radiographically apparent bone height, bone graft material, barrier membrane material, and tooth extraction adjacent to the GTR site were investigated as factors affecting success.

Retrospective evaluation of the incidence of presumed feline urethral obstruction during a prepandemic year compared to a pandemic year.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence of urethral obstruction (UO) in male cats.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: One veterinary university teaching hospital and 6 private practice veterinary specialty and emergency centers.

Evaluation of an HMGA2 variant contribution to height and basal insulin concentrations in ponies.

Background: The HMGA2:c.83G>A variant was identified in Welsh ponies having pleiotropic effects on height and insulin concentration.

Objective: Determine whether the HMGA2:c.

Expression and Prognostic Evaluation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase MET in Canine Malignant Melanoma.

The overexpression and activation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase has been identified in many human malignancies, but its role in canine cancer has only been minimally investigated. In this study we evaluated the expression of MET in two canine malignant melanoma (CMM) cell lines as well as in 30 CMM tissue samples that were collected from the clinical service at our institution. We were able to confirm the expression of the MET protein in both melanoma cell lines, and we demonstrated MET activation by its ligand, HGF, through phosphorylation, in Western blot analysis.

A retrospective evaluation of hops ingestion in 177 dogs (2005-2018).

Objective: To describe the clinical signs and outcomes observed after Humulus lupulus (hops) ingestion in dogs. A secondary objective was to note any trends in the number of hops-related phone calls made to an animal poison control center over a 13-year period.

Design: Retrospective study (2005-2018).

Effect of Holstein genotype on ex-vivo interleukin-1β response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and heat-killed Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Effects of Holstein genotype on interleukin-1β response were assessed by ex-vivo stimulation of whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or sonicated, heat-killed Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. Holstein genotypes were unselected Holsteins (UH, n = 14) not subjected to selection pressures since the mid-1960s and contemporary Holsteins (CH, n = 13). Milk yield of UH and CH cows differ by more than 4500 kg/lactation.

Assessment of anti-CD20 antibody pre-treatment for augmentation of CAR-T cell therapy in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.

During chronic HIV and SIV infections, the majority of viral replication occurs within lymphoid follicles. In a pilot study, infusion of SIV-specific CD4-MBL-CAR-T cells expressing the follicular homing receptor, CXCR5, led to follicular localization of the cells and a reduction in SIV viral loads in rhesus macaques. However, the CAR-T cells failed to persist.

Nine-axis inertial measurement unit output discriminates activities of varying intensity in the dog.

Objective: To explore relationships between 9-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) output and activities of varying intensity in dogs of various sizes.

Animals: 20 healthy, agility course-trained dogs of various ages and sizes.

Procedures: Height, weight, body condition score, age, length from IMU to the ischium, and height of IMU to the floor were recorded.

Development of an anti-CAR antibody response in SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with CD4-MBL CAR/CXCR5 T cells.

T cells expressing a simian immunodeficiency (SIV)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the follicular homing molecule, CXCR5, were infused into antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed, SIV-infected rhesus macaques to assess their ability to localize to the lymphoid follicle and control the virus upon ART interruption. While the cells showed evidence of functionality, they failed to persist in the animals beyond 28 days. Development of anti-CAR antibodies could be responsible for the lack of persistence.