A review on recent advancements of ChatGPT and datafication in healthcare applications.

Integrating ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), with datafication strategies presents the capacity to provide reliable and user-friendly healthcare applications. This paper provides a structured and critical review of how ChatGPT, supported by datafication and big data frameworks, shapes areas such as clinical decision support, telemedicine, and personalized healthcare. It examines the cognitive capabilities of ChatGPT in interpreting complex medical language while addressing key ethical concerns, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, and explainability, that arise in its deployment.

Multi-objective hybrid optimized coil design for enhanced efficiency, improved voltage gain, and compactness for inductive power transfer.

With a rising global population and vehicle usage, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a sustainable solution for carbon neutrality. The paper's main objective is to test the performance of the optimized coil design for the Inductive power transfer (IPT) prototype designed for 48 V light EV (LEV) applications operating at 86 kHz. The coils are optimized for objectives such as compactness and power transfer efficiency, using a hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm combining Taylor-series tuning and Dove Swarm (DSO) optimization.

Endophytic Pseudomonas oryzihabitans CB24 Boosts Photosynthesis Through Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Driven Lipid Reprogramming.

Pelargonium graveolens, valued for its essential oil, is significantly influenced by its endosymbiotic associations impacting its physiology and phytochemistry, though the exact mechanisms driving this modulation remain largely unexplored. This study unveils that inoculating Pseudomonas oryzihabitans CB24 into P. graveolens significantly alters plant's lipid dynamics, leading to increased accumulation of chloroplast glycerolipids like monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and sulfolipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG).

Greener alternatives for synthesis of isoquinoline and its derivatives: a comparative review of eco-compatible synthetic routes.

Isoquinoline derivatives, a prominent class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, serve a pivotal role in medicinal chemistry due to their broad spectrum of bioactivities. While traditional synthetic routes for these scaffolds are well-established, conventional methods often rely on transition-metal catalysts, harsh conditions, expensive reagents, and toxic solvents, raising environmental and economic concerns. In response to the pressing demand for sustainable practices, this review underscores the integration of green chemistry principles into modern synthetic design, offering environmentally acceptable methods for accessing isoquinoline frameworks.

Spectroscopy food functionality and safety.

In the modern age of heightened food consumption, consumers are increasingly focused on the safety and quality of the products they consume. Consequently, food regulatory authorities are rigorously overseeing the industry to ensure compliance with established quality standards. Evaluating food properties involves a broad range of factors, including chemical and physical characteristics, sensory evaluation, authenticity verification, traceability, production processes, storage conditions, and the detection of microbes and contaminants.

Two ternary chalcostannates BaSn ( = S and Se): syntheses, crystal structures, and photovoltaic studies.

Semiconducting Sn-containing chalcogenides are promising for their photovoltaic properties. Herein, we report the syntheses of two barium tin chalcogenides, BaSn ( = S and Se), by high-temperature reactions of elements. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study shows that the BaSnSe structure crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group: 2/) with four formula units ( = 4).

A novel lung cancer diagnosis model using hybrid convolution (2D/3D)-based adaptive DenseUnet with attention mechanism.

Existing Lung Cancer Diagnosis (LCD) models have difficulty in detecting early-stage lung cancer due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease which leads to an increased death rate of patients. Therefore, it is important to diagnose lung disease at an early stage to save the lives of affected persons. Hence, the research work aims to develop an efficient lung disease diagnosis using deep learning techniques for the early and accurate detection of lung cancer.

Lean diabetes is one end of the spectrum of type 2 diabetes and not a separate entity.

Aims: Lean diabetes mellitus is non-type 1 diabetes with BMI < 18.5 kg/m and is now proposed to be a unique form of diabetes. We report on prevalence, clinical and microvascular complication profile in lean diabetes to see whether it stands out as a distinct entity or is a continuum of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

In silico and in vitro investigations reveal pan-PPAR agonist activity and anti-NAFLD efficacy of polydatin by modulating hepatic lipid-energy metabolism.

Polydatin (PD), a stilbenoid resveratrol-derivative in Vitaceae, Liliaceae, and Leguminosae, exhibits pharmacological protection in metabolic disorders. This study investigated Polydatin, as a potential pan-PPAR agonist for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). High-throughput-virtual-screening (HTVS) was performed to identify potential pan-PPAR agonists, followed by in vitro testing of Polydatin in HepG2 steatosis model.

Biological Decontamination of Mycotoxigenic Fusarium verticillioides Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSN128 Isolated from Traditional Vellappam: Implications for Food Safety and Global Mycotoxin Management.

Fungal deterioration of food and feed commodities by mycotoxigenic fungi has become a significant complication worldwide. Fusarium contamination produces extremely noxious mycotoxins such as Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and Fumonisin B2 (FB2), which affect human and animal well-being. The present work explored the fungicidal activities of probiotic bacteria isolated from the traditional fermented food Vellappam.

The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comparison to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as an important tool for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), offering real-time glucose data and the potential for improved glycemic control. Unlike traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), which provides intermittent readings, CGM captures continuous glucose fluctuations, including postprandial and nocturnal changes, which are critical in GDM management.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of CGM compared with SMBG in managing glycemic control in women with GDM, focusing on key glycemic metrics such as time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (GV), and exploring their associations with maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Mortality and Excess Life Lost in South Asians.

Background: Current definitions of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes do not capture their pathophysiological heterogeneity. We investigated data-driven subtypes of T2D and prediabetes and evaluated their associations with mortality.

Methods: We analyzed data from 14,306 South Asian participants from the CArdiometabolic Risk Reduction cohort using unsupervised k-means clustering based on five variables: age, BMI, HbA1c, insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction.

A Non-canonical Role for Hepatocyte MLKL in Promoting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence in the Aging Liver.

Liver aging is characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction that contributes to the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Necroptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death, is activated in aging livers, and genetic ( or mice) or pharmacological (RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1s) inhibition of necroptosis attenuates liver inflammation and pathology. However, the cell type-specific role of necroptosis in liver aging remains unclear.

In vitro antiviral activity of chitosan and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious avian pathogen requiring effective antiviral strategies. This study evaluated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cur-CNPs) against virulent NDV isolates from poultry in Kerala, India. Screening of 40 suspected flocks by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the fusion (F) gene revealed a 12.

Clustering in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a heterogenous disease with significant clinical variation. Studies of GDM clusters that are distinctive in terms of maternal characteristics could pave the way for more personalized treatments.

Aim: We aimed to collate studies dealing with clusters of GDM published in the literature.

Effect of Integrated Yoga and Naturopathy Treatments on Blood Pressure Changes Among Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Data Analysis.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, requiring effective management strategies. While pharmacological treatment remains the cornerstone, non-pharmacological interventions such as yoga and naturopathy are promising in blood pressure regulation.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated yoga and naturopathy therapies (INYTs) in managing blood pressure and cardiovascular parameters among hypertensive patients.

The Hyoid Bone Syndrome.

Hyoid Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a rare condition causing neck pain and throat discomfort during swallowing. A 16-year-old female with a year of painful swallowing was diagnosed with HBS after imaging confirmed bilateral elongation of the hyoid bone's greater cornua. Surgical excision relieved symptoms, highlighting the importance of thorough evaluation and early intervention.

Evaluating the binding potency of the carbapenem (T208) ligand and modelled non-halogen (NH and SH) and halogen (Br, Cl, F) derivatives in Mycobacterium tuberculosis L. D-transpeptidase.

Improvements in medication are required because number of tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths increase during COVID-19 pandemic. Reducing efficiency of current therapeutic agents require creation of novel medications that aim specific targets and avoid existing resistance mechanisms. In this study, we had focused on tuberculosis, most deadly infection, which threatens humanity in the 20th century after COVID-19, and world's leading cause of infection-related mortality.

Molecular Characterization of Paragonimus westermani from South India.

Purpose: Paragonimus westermani is the most common lung fluke infecting humans in Asia. This study aimed to molecularly characterize adult P. westermani from the south India (Kerala) using ITS-2, partial 28 S rDNA and partial cox1 gene sequences.

Understanding Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Among Adults in Haryana: Insights from the ICMR-INDIAB Study [ICMR-INDIAB-19].

Introduction: Physical inactivity contributes to non-communicable disease (NCD) health burden, making it essential to study and address this issue at a population level. The present research aims to explore the patterns of physical activity (PA) in Haryana through a subgroup analysis of the national Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study.

Methods: This study was conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 in Haryana and included 3918 adult participants.

Epigenome-wide association study identifies a specific panel of DNA methylation signatures for antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms.

Depression during pregnancy and postpartum poses significant risks to both maternal and child well-being. The underlying biological mechanisms are unclear, but epigenetic variation could be exploited as a plausible candidate for early detection. We investigated whether DNA methylation signatures are associated with antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS) and whether early alterations in methylation patterns could be used to predict postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS).

Association of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Indian women: results from the CARRS study.

Background: Early onset of menarche is associated with hormonal alterations that may predispose women to diabetes. We investigated the association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in India, a setting with declining menarche age and increasing burden of diabetes.

Methods: Data were from the Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia study.

Unraveling PPARβ/δ nuclear receptor agonists a drug-repurposing approach: HTVS-based ligand identification, molecular dynamics, pharmacokinetics, and anti-steatotic validation.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors with a crucial regulatory role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and are emerging druggable targets in "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) and cancers. However, there is a need to identify ligands that can activate specific PPAR subtypes, particularly PPARβ/δ, which is less studied compared with other PPAR isoforms (α and γ). Herein, using the drug-repurposing approach, the ZINC database of clinically approved drugs was screened to target the PPARβ/δ receptor through high-throughput-virtual-screening, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

Prevalence of anemia in India: a systematic review, meta-analysis and geospatial analysis.

Background: Anemia is a major health concern in India, ranking second in maternal mortality and exhibits a higher prevalence compared to many other developing nations. This study aims to analyze prevalence of anemia across age groups using systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis includes cross-sectional studies from 1995 to 2023, reporting prevalence of anemia in India.

Concurrent Psoriatic Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Middle-Aged Man: A Case Report With Peripheral Joint Functional and Quality of Life Assessment.

The concurrent presentation of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare within the spondyloarthritis spectrum, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the simultaneous involvement of axial and peripheral joints. Accurate differentiation is crucial to guide appropriate treatment strategies and optimize patient outcomes. This report describes a 38-year-old man diagnosed with concurrent PsA and AS, managed over a 12-month period with infliximab.