Synthesis, characterization and immobilization of bilirubin oxidase nanoparticles (BOxNPs) with enhanced activity: Application for serum bilirubin determination in jaundice patients.

A high- power ultrasonic method was used to prepare bilirubin oxidase nanoparticles (BOxNPs) which were immobilized on polyethylene (PE) film. The characterization of PE film bound to BOxNPs and BOxNPs was carried out using "Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)," "Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)," and "Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)." The PE film was treated with nitric acid (HNO) for its activation.

Vitamin B12-Immobilized Graphene Oxide for Efficient Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction.

A naturally occurring water-soluble cobalt-complex cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) has been identified as a new and efficient electrocatalyst for the CO -to-CO reduction reaction in aqueous solution. Heterogeneous B12-electrocatalysts prepared by a simple electrochemical immobilization technique on graphene-oxide (GO)-modified glassy carbon and carbon paper (CP) electrodes, without any non-degradable polymer-binders, showed a highly stable and well-defined surface-confined redox peak at E'=-0.138 V vs.

Facile Electrochemical Demethylation of 2-Methoxyphenol to Surface-Confined Catechol on the MWCNT and Its Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrazine Oxidation and Sensing Applications.

Owing to its biological significance, preparation of stable surface-confined catechol (CA) is a long-standing interest in electrochemistry and surface chemistry. In this connection, various chemical approaches such as covalent immobilization (using amine- and carboxylate-functionalized CA, diazotization-based coupling, and Michael addition reaction), self-assembled monolayer on gold (thiol-functionalized CA is assembled on the gold surface), CA adsorption on the ad-layer of a defect-free single-crystal Pt surface, π-π bonding, CA pendant metal complexes, and CA-functionalized polymer-modified electrodes have been reported in the literature. In general, these conventional methods are involved with a series of time-consuming synthetic procedures.

Reproductive health care status of the displaced tribal women in India: An analysis using Nussbaum Central human capabilities.

Scheduled Tribes (STs) of India are characterized by distinct cultures and a close relationship with the land they inhabit. Tribal people make up to 5% of the world's population but 15% of such people are living in poverty. They face deprivations caused by social, economic, and political exclusion.

Using Three Delay Model to Understand the Social Factors Responsible for Neonatal Deaths Among Displaced Tribal Communities in India.

In the tribal region, risk of death among neonates is influenced to a great extent by factors related to the mother such as situation of the mother prior to and post pregnancy, care received before, during and after pregnancy, birth order, and care received by the child during the first few years of his/her life. There is paucity of basic epidemiological data on reproductive health outcomes of displaced people (Hynes et al. in JAMA 288(5):595-603, 2002).

Fused pyrazole-phenanthridine based dyads: synthesis, photo-physical and theoretical studies, and live cell pH imaging.

The arrangement of small sized molecules with a scaffold structure plays an active role in the fields of sensors and health care. An efficient molecular design strategy for four pyrazole-phenanthridine based D-π-A luminophores, denoted as 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d was developed to investigate the effect of acid on the photo-physical properties of these dyes. Photo-physical studies of the synthesized probes showed distinct absorption and emission under various pH conditions.

(Tetrahydrodibenzo[,]phenanthridin-5-yl)phenol as a Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Aniline.

Two (tetrahydrodibenzo[,]phenanthridin-5-yl)phenols that differ in their substituents at the para position (, R = H and , R = NEt) were designed and synthesized. The presence of a -NEt group in probe facilitates the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process, making emissive, which distinctly coordinated with boron trifluoride in the presence of different amines with different electronic properties. A substantial increase in emission intensity with increasing viscosity of the surrounding environment and smooth formation of a planar complex with boron and Zn ions concluded the presence of a TICT process.

Dosimetric Effect of Rotational Setup Errors in Single-Isocenter Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy of Multiple Brain Metastases.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the dosimetric effects of rotational uncertainties in patient positioning on target coverage in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of multiple brain metastases using single isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Materials And Methods: Ten SRS cases with multiple brain metastases (2-8) planned with single isocenter non-coplanar VMAT technique were investigated in this study. Pitch, yaw and roll displacements of 1, 3 and 5° were simulated about isocenter along each axes and nine plans were obtained for each case.

Recent Developments of Reverse Micellar Techniques for Lysozyme, Bovine Serum Albumin, and Bromelain Extraction.

Biomolecules produced by living organisms can perform vast array of functions and play an important role in the cell. Important biomolecules such as lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bromelain are often studied by researchers due to their beneficial properties. The application of reverse micelles is an effective tool for protein separation from their sources due to the special system structure.

Role of Seminal Plasma Proteins in Effective Zygote Formation- A Success Road to Pregnancy.

Seminal plasma proteins contributed by secretions of accessory glands plays a copious role in fertilization. Their role is overlooked for decades and even now, as Artificial Reproduction Techniques (ART) excludes the plasma components in the procedures. Recent evidences suggest the importance of these proteins starting from imparting fertility status to men, fertilization and till successful implantation of the conceptus in the female uterus.

Can luteolin be a therapeutic molecule for both colon cancer and diabetes?

Diabetes and colon cancer are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to World Health Organization, the number of patients with diabetes and cancer is going to be elevated by 50% in 2020. However, several flavonoids have been known to be useful in reducing the chance of cancer/diabetes but the hunt of a single biomolecule that can act as therapeutic and preventive molecules for future epidemic continues.

Improved Electrical Wiring of Glucose Oxidase Enzyme with an Immobilized Mn(1,10-Phenanthroline)Cl-Complex/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode Displaying Superior Performance to Os-Complex for High-Current Sensitivity Bioelectrocatalytic and Biofuel Cell Applications.

The search for a new and efficient transducer that can electrically connect enzyme active sites, like flavin adenine dinucleotide in glucose oxidase (GOx), with the electrode surface is a cutting-edge research area. Currently, Os(bpy)-complex pendent polyvinylpyridine/polyvinyl imidazole/pyridinium hydrogel based chemically modified electrodes have been widely used for this purpose (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Herein, we report, a [Mn(phen)(O)(Cl)] complex/Nafion-immobilized carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT@Mn(Phen)O(Cl)-Nf, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), prepared by an electrochemical method using the precursor, Mn(phen)Cl, as an efficient and low cost alternate to the Os-complex transducer, for the glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) based bio-electro-catalytic system.

Development of microsatellite markers for the resin-yielding, non-timber forest product species (Burseraceae).

Premise Of The Study: (Burseraceae) is an economically important aromatic, gum-resin-yielding, non-timber forest tree species. Microsatellite markers were developed for for the first time to study genetic diversity and population structure.

Methods And Results: A magnetic bead enrichment method was used to develop 16 microsatellite markers, of which 11 were polymorphic.

Axial Coordination Site-Turned Surface Confinement, Electron Transfer, and Bio-Electrocatalytic Applications of a Hemin Complex on Graphitic Carbon Nanomaterial-Modified Electrodes.

Understanding the relation between the chemical bonding and the electron-transfer (ET) reaction of surface-confined hemin (a five-coordinated Fe-porphyrin-with-chlorine complex) is a special interest in the biomimicking studies of heme proteins. Owing to the difficulty in ET function, scanty electrochemical reports of hemin in aqueous solution were reported. It has been noticed that in most of the reported procedures, the sixth axial coordination position of the hemin complex has been unknowingly turned by attaching with water molecules (potential cycling in alkaline conditions or heating), solvents such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, and nitrogen-donating compounds that have helped for the heme ET reaction.

Entrapment of bimetallic CoFeSe nanosphere on functionalized carbon nanofiber for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of caffeic acid in wine samples.

The ever-increasing requirement of an electrochemical sensor in various paramedical and industrial applications, the recent research is motivated to fabricate a new type of electrode material with unique electrochemical properties for quantitative detection of various target analytes. Recently, the metal diselenides have been interested in a broad range of electrochemical applications due to their interesting electrocatalytic performances. Despite the metal diselenides have been widely focused on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is not much focused on electrochemical sensor.

Undiluted human whole blood uric acid detection using a graphitized mesoporous carbon modified electrode: a potential tool for clinical point-of-care uric acid diagnosis.

Direct sensing of uric acid (UA) in an undiluted whole blood sample is reported here taking human whole blood as an analyte and a self-supporting electrolyte. Among various solid electrodes (Pt, Au, GCE, and GCE/Nafion) and carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanofibers, graphene oxide, graphite nanopowder, graphitized mesoporous carbon (GMC), single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes) tested, a GMC-modified glassy carbon electrode, designated as GCE/GMC, showed a remarkable response towards direct electrochemical oxidation of blood uric acid at ∼0.25 V vs.

Green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Aegle marmelos leaf extract for the evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties.

In the present study, we report the green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Aegle marmelos as a fuel and this method is ecofriendly and cost effective. The plant Aegle marmelos is used in the field of pharmaceuticals to cure diseases like chronic diarrhea, peptic ulcers and dysentery in India for nearly 5 centuries. The as-prepared nanoparticles were confirmed as pure face centered cubic phase and single crystalline in nature by XRD.

Goat tendon collagen-human fibrin hydrogel for comprehensive parametric evaluation of HUVEC microtissue-based angiogenesis.

The cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play a very important role during angiogenesis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix along with pro-angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors, and matrix-degrading proteases, accounts for endothelial cell growth, migration, and tube formation. However, for studying angiogenesis, only limited and expensive biomaterials are available.

The structural and functional reliability of Circulins of Chassalia parvifolia for peptide therapeutic scaffolding.

Computational methods have refined the mode of peptide drug designing to a new plateau recently. Circulin, a 30 residue natural plant polypeptide acts as a plant defensive peptide. Additional to its antimicrobial activity it also possesses an inhibitory cytopathic effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Cancer Control Algorithm.

Curing cancer by controlling the growth of the cancer cell is the objective of this paper. The growth of the cancer cell is analysed by the optimization programming. The algorithm is proposed for minimizing the rate of growth of the cancer cell.

Ectopic vascularized bone formation by human mesenchymal stem cell microtissues in a biocomposite scaffold.

Three-dimensional multicellular human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are showing a great promise in the repair of bone tissue due to its osteogenic differentiation potential, mimicking in vivo microenvironment and immunomodulatory property. In the present study, the potential of hBM-MSC microtissues (MTs) in combination with a biocomposite material to form vascularized bone-like tissue at an ectopic site in an immunocompromised mouse was evaluated. The scaffold was fabricated using gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and nano-hydroxyapatite (GCnHP) by the freeze-drying method.

Core-shell heterostructured multiwalled carbon nanotubes@reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons/chitosan, a robust nanobiocomposite for enzymatic biosensing of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite.

A robust nanobiocomposite based on core-shell heterostructured multiwalled carbon nanotubes@reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (MWCNTs@rGONRs)/chitosan (CHIT) was described for the fabrication of sensitive, selective, reproducible and durable biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (HO) and nitrite (NO). The excellent physicochemical properties of MWCNTs@rGONRs such as, presence of abundant oxygen functionalities, higher area-normalized edge-plane structures and chemically active sites in combination with excellent biocompatibility of CHIT resulting in the versatile immobilization matrix for myoglobin (Mb). The most attractive property of MWCNTs@rGONRs which distinguishes it from other members of graphene family is its rich edge density and edge defects that are highly beneficial for constructing enzymatic biosensors.

Two-dimensional metal chalcogenides analogous NiSe nanosheets and its efficient electrocatalytic performance towards glucose sensing.

Recently, 2D layered transition-metal dichalcogenide materials have received great consideration because of their unique electronic properties, large surface area and high electrocatalytic activity. In this connection, for the first time the similar nanostructured material of NiSe nanosheets (NiSe-NS) has been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method for electrocatalytic applications. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) results confirmed the formation of NiSe-NS with required stoichiometry and morphology.

Pathological role of a point mutation (T315I) in BCR-ABL1 protein-A computational insight.

BCR-ABL protein is one of the most potent target to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Apart from other mutations, T315I is especially challenging as it confers resistance to all first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. So, a thorough study of altered behavior upon mutation is crucially needed.