Single-crystalline MAPbCl thin-films for photo- and X-ray voltaics.

3 eV wide bandgap methylammonium lead trichloride (MAPbCl) perovskites are promising for transparent solar cells, smart windows, and the internet of things (IoTs). However, it is challenging to crystallize uniform polycrystalline MAPbCl thin films from solution. On the other hand, single-crystalline MAPbCl can be grown as relatively uniform thin films.

Tin-based halide perovskite materials: properties and applications.

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials have attracted considerable research interest, especially for photovoltaics. In addition, their scope has been extended towards light-emitting devices, photodetectors, or detectors. However, the toxicity of lead (Pb) element in perovskite compositions limits their applications.