Global transcriptomics and targeted metabolite analysis reveal the involvement of the AcrAB efflux pump in physiological functions by exporting signaling molecules in .

In Gram-negative bacteria, resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps, particularly AcrAB-TolC, play a critical role in mediating resistance to antimicrobial agents and toxic metabolites, contributing to multidrug resistance. is an entomopathogenic bacterium that has garnered significant interest due to its production of bioactive specialized metabolites with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and scavenger deterrent properties. In previous work, we demonstrated that AcrAB confers self-resistance to stilbenes in TT01.

NIR-responsive dextran / poly(lactide) hydrogels: Characterization of cleavable hydrogels and photoactivated release of proteins.

Polysaccharide-based hydrogels often lack mechanical strength and, when used for protein delivery, are generally limited to diffusion-based release. In this work, we developed robust polysaccharide- and polyester-based near-infrared (NIR)-responsive hydrogels. Hydrogels are made from photo-crosslinked methacrylated dextran (DEX-MA), methacrylated polylactide containing oxygen reactive species (ROS) sensitive thioketal groups (PLA-TK-MA), and covalently bound protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) that generates ROS under NIR irradiation.

Target trial emulation to replicate randomised clinical trials using registry data in multiple sclerosis.

Unlabelled: BackgroundTarget trial emulation (TTE) offers a formal framework for causal inference using observational data, but its validity must be evaluated in each research domain by replicating randomised clinical trials (RCTs). We aimed to replicate eight RCTs evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using French registry data.

Methods: This multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data extracted in December 2023 from the (OFSEP) database.

Task-specific vs general measures of pain-related fear relative associations with spinal motor behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Musculoskeletal pain, particularly low back and neck pain, is associated with maladaptive changes in spinal motor behaviour (SMB). Psychological factors such as pain-related fear play a role in driving these adaptations. While previous research found weak associations between general psychological measures and SMB, task-specific measures may provide more precise insights into movement avoidance.

Aspirin dosing after acute coronary syndrome with suspected aspirin resistance: the ANDAMAN trial.

Background And Aims: Despite current antithrombotic treatments, the recurrence of ischaemic events remains high in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or aspirin resistance after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Whether twice-daily aspirin dosing reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in this population remains unknown.

Methods: In this prospective multicentre, randomized trial, patients with ACS and DM or high-risk of aspirin resistance (HRAR) defined as: (i) an index event occurring while on aspirin; (ii) body mass index ≥27 kg/m2; or (iii) increased waist circumference were assigned to receive enteric-coated aspirin once daily (100 mg/day) or twice daily (100 mg morning and evening).

Humoral immune response to Covid-19 vaccination in patients with cancer - Results from the ANRS0001S COV-POPART study.

Background: Patients with cancer, whose immune responses to vaccines are commonly weaker than those of the general population, are recommended a booster dose after two initial doses of Covid-19 vaccine. Our objective was to compare the humoral immunogenicity of Covid-19 vaccines in patients with cancer compared to healthy adults (control group) after primary vaccine series and after a booster dose.

Methods: We included participants aged ≤75 and vaccinated with two doses in the primary vaccine series and a booster, from the French national prospective Covid-19 vaccine cohort study (ANRS0001S COV-POPART) and excluded those with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Real-world comparison of the effectiveness of tofacitinib and ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis: the TORUS study.

Background And Aims: We compared the effectiveness of tofacitinib and ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) previously exposed to at least one anti-TNF agent.

Methods: In this multicenter real-world evidence study, we consecutively included UC patients ≥18 years-old, previously exposed to anti-TNF therapy, with partial Mayo score >2 and, starting tofacitinib or ustekinumab. All the comparisons were performed using propensity score analyses.

Leaky or polarised immunity: Non-Markovian modelling highlights the impact of immune memory assumptions.

Mathematical models tend to oversimplify the biological details of vaccine or infection-derived immunity effectiveness. Yet, epidemiological outcomes may diverge when assuming polarised immunity-individuals are either fully susceptible or completely immune-compared to leaky immunity-where all individuals are partially protected. We explore the differences between the two by taking advantage of a non-Markovian framework, which allows us to explicitly record the 'age' of the immunity and vary its effectiveness accordingly.

Effectiveness of intravenous infliximab versus subcutaneous adalimumab in Takayasu arteritis: multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: In this large multicentre study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of intravenous infliximab vs subcutaneous adalimumab in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study across referral centers in France, Italy, Spain, Armenia, Israel, Japan, Tunisia, and Russia, analyzing biological-targeted therapies in TAK from January 2017 to September 2019.

Results: A total of 135 TAK patients who received adalimumab (n = 34) or infliximab (n = 101) for at least 3 months were included.

Improving ALS Molecular Diagnosis Through Functional Assays: Reassessment of a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Genetic testing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often reveals variants of uncertain significance (VUS), which are frequently omitted from diagnostic reports or reported with limited clinical interpretation. To address this gap, we developed a rapid functional assessment pipeline in collaboration with FILSLAN, the French ALS care network, combining in vitro and in vivo neurogenetic assays. We illustrate this approach through the reclassification of the p.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Preclinical and clinical studies suggest an early and progressive deterioration in cerebral perfusion leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) has then been investigated for DCI diagnosis and prognosis. However, spatial and temporal evolution of CTP-derived metrics have not been established, such that optimal CTP periodicity for monitoring and metrics thresholds for triggering intervention remain unclear.

Therapeutic Management During Pregnancy and Relapse Risk in Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Importance: In women with multiple sclerosis (MS), disease-modifying therapy (DMT) management during pregnancy might impact relapse risk.

Objective: To estimate the effect of DMT management during pregnancy on MS relapse rate and compare different therapeutic strategies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from January 1990 to December 2023.

Clinical impact of the BCID2 and rapid AST VITEK® REVEALTM on antibiotic optimisation in critically ill patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: a quasi-experimental pre/post interventional study.

Background: Rapid diagnostic tools (RDT), together with rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST), have emerged as means to shorten the time to pathogen identification and AST for bloodstream infections (BSI). Whether these techniques significantly impact antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with BSI remains to be determined.

Methods: A single-center quasi-experimental study comparing antibiotic optimisation before and after the implementation of innovative RDT, BIOFIRE® Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) Panel and VITEK® REVEALTM (bioMérieux), was conducted.

Intrapulmonary concentrations of ceftobiprole high doses administered by continuous infusion in critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: Optimal antimicrobial drug exposure in the lung is required for ensuring successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Little is known about the intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftobiprole when administered by continuous infusion (CI).

Objective: To determine the PK of high doses (3 g/day) CI of ceftobiprole in the plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in mechanically ventilated patients with CAP.

The silent surge: the under-recognised burden of respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in adults.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) drive substantial morbidity in adults, yet remain underdiagnosed due to diagnostic gaps. While influenza and COVID-19 benefit from rapid triplex antigenic tests and PCR, HMPV and PIV lack routine diagnostics, and RSV testing is underutilised in adults, leading to frequent misdiagnosis as common colds or bacterial infections. This opinion paper highlights the burden of these "forgotten viruses" in elderly and comorbid populations, where RSV and HMPV cause significant hospitalizations.

Prevalence of SOD1 and C9orf72 Variants Among French ALS Population: The GENIALS Study.

Rationale: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motoneuron disease in which genetics plays a central role for both familial and sporadic ALS cases. Systematic genetic analysis for all ALS patients is recommended at the time of diagnosis, leading to an early proposal of specific genetic therapy. Currently, C9orf72 is considered the most frequently mutated gene in ALS.

Value of molecular biology tests in community-acquired acute pneumonia.

For patients hospitalized with community-acquired acute pneumonia (CAP), molecular tools (especially multiplex PCR syndromic panels) are associated with a significant improvement of microbiological diagnosis yield, compared with conventional methods. Two main families of tests are currently available: targeted viral PCR tests (influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV) performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and adapted to epidemic situations; and "upper respiratory tract" (nasopharyngeal) or "lower respiratory tract" (deep swabs) syndromic panels to detect a broad spectrum of viral and bacterial agents, sometimes including resistance genes. These tests are not recommended for routine use in CAP patients treated in ambulatory settings.

Sex-Related Gap in the Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In women with multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic strategy may be influenced by the anticipation of future pregnancies, leading to underexposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and highly effective DMTs (HEDMTs) compared with men. We aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic inertia in women with MS and explore its causes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study based on data extracted on June 2023 from the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques for all patients with a relapsing-remitting MS onset between 18 and 40 years.

Antifungal concentrations in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with or without ECMO: The CAPADOSE observational retrospective multicenter Study.

Purpose: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a major co-infection in critically ill patients and is linked to increased mortality. Critical illness and ECMO may affect antifungal pharmacokinetics, raising concerns about drug efficacy.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included CAPA patients requiring mechanical ventilation in 20 intensive care units (ICUs) (March 2020 to November 2021), provided at least one antifungal blood level was available.

What's new in the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis?

Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella spp. and posing significant global health challenges. Focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic management, the present review synthesizes recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.

Compliance with antimicrobial stewardship guidelines in surgery: an observational, multidisciplinary, cohort study.

Purpose: Antimicrobial stewardship aims to improve clinical outcomes while reducing the unintended effects of antimicrobial use. The use of antibiotics in surgical wards, except for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, has been poorly documented. Our goal was to assess the rate of compliance with the guidelines of antibiotic prescriptions in surgical wards.

Urban environmental and population factors as determinants of COVID-19 severity: A spatially-resolved probabilistic modeling approach.

COVID-19 is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It has reshaped the world with the way our communities interact, people work, commute, and spend their leisure time. While different mitigation solutions for controlling COVID-19 virus transmission have already been established, global models that would explain and predict the impact of urban environments on the case fatality ratio CFR of COVID-19 (defined as the number of deaths divided by the number of cases over a time window) are missing.

Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion Initiation Is Associated with Impulse Control Disorder Attenuation in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: Insights from the French NS-Park Cohort.

Background: Impulse control disorders (ICD) are common non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in patients receiving oral dopamine agonists (DA). Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is a device-aided therapy for advanced PD, but its effects on ICD remain underexplored in real-world settings.

Objectives: To assess the impact of CSAI initiation on ICD prevalence and severity in a large real-world PD cohort and to compare ICD evolution in CSAI-treated patients versus orally-treated controls.