Role of Radiomics to Predict Disease Recurrence in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Radiomics offers the potential to predict oncological outcomes from pre-operative imaging, aiding in the identification of 'high risk' patients with sinonasal cancer who are at an increased risk of recurrence. This study aims to comprehensively review the current literature on the role of radiomics as a predictor of disease recurrence in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases.

Implementing Evidence-Based Quality Improvement in Health Care Quality and Patient Safety and Clinical Research Programs.

Background And Objectives: This paper defines quality improvement (QI), describes the differences and connections among QI, clinical audit/quality assurance, and clinical research, highlights the importance of strong organizational governance for QI, and provides a simplified, evidence-based QI methodology that can be readily used by health care staff.

Methods: The authors draw on their diverse QI experiences, encompassing a university maternity hospital, a radiation oncology specialist center, an acute general hospital, senior health care management, and academia. This demonstrates the feasibility of implementing QI in diverse health care settings and by all members of the multidisciplinary team.

Bioimpedance-Derived Phase Angle Was Associated with Faster Blood Pressure Stabilisation Following Orthostatic Challenge in Older Adults.

Phase Angle (PA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, reflects cellular health and may indicate physiological resilience in ageing. We examined the relationship between PA and blood pressure (BP) recovery following an orthostatic challenge in 107 older adults attending a specialist falls clinic. Participants underwent active stand testing with continuous, beat-to-beat BP monitoring over 180 seconds.

Exploring the impact of case mix factors on length of stay to a Complex Discharge Unit across three phases: pre-COVID-19 (2019), during COVID-19 (2021) and late-stage COVID-19 (2023) pandemic.

Background/aims: Subacute complex discharge units (CDUs) offer intermediary person-centred care between acute hospital and community services by providing specialised care for patients with complex medical and functional needs. However, several elements of clinical practice were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine the impact of several case mix factors on length of stay and how this impact changed across three phases: pre-COVID-19 (2019), during COVID-19 (2021) and late-stage COVID-19 (2023) in our Complex Discharge Unit.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence as a Diagnostic Support Tool for Surgical Admissions in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in healthcare for data analysis and decision support. This study assesses the potential of AI (specifically ChatGPT-4o) as a diagnostic support tool for surgical admissions in the Emergency Department and compared its accuracy with that of on-call surgical trainees.

Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective study conducted in December 2023.

Preoperative continuation of RAAS inhibitors in hypertensive patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Background: There has been incongruent evidence on the outcomes relating to whether continuing or withholding renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) preoperatively. This study aimed to systematically analyse the effect of preoperative RAASi on perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries.

Method: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases were used with no limitation of the starting date, till 30th September 2024.

Different types of oesophageal reconstructions in the contemporary era: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Oesophageal reconstruction is a complex operation that continues to present a surgical challenge associated with significant morbidity and its associated sequelae. The conventional gastric conduit remains the gold standard reconstructive technique when available. Alternative conduits for oesophageal replacement become necessary when the stomach is unavailable with common options for conduit creation being the jejunum and the colon.

Characterizing research trends in bronchiectasis through AI-powered analytics.

Background: Interest in bronchiectasis is increasing and no prior study has used Artificial Intelligence (AI) to interrogate its rich, multidimensional literature to characterize research trends, themes and knowledge gaps.

Methods: We reviewed original bronchiectasis research between 1949-2024 (75-year period) to identify, characterize and assess research trends and trajectories using two AI-powered approaches: (1) ATLAS, an AI-topic modelling tool and (2) a custom model, leveraging ChatGPT embedding and text-generation models.

Results: AI-powered analytics reveal a nine-fold increase in bronchiectasis research speed since 2000, typified by enhanced richness with four new research topics emerging every five years.

The Effect of Patient Frailty on Morbidity, Mortality and Overall Survival Following Laryngectomy Procedures.

Background: The present study evaluated the impact of frailty on patient morbidity and survival following laryngectomy surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing laryngectomy over a 10-year period. Frailty was measured using the 5-item modified Frailty Index (5mFI).

Interpretability of Home Blood Pressure Measurements in Haemodialysis A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomised Cross-Over Study.

Aim: We aimed to assess patterns of home BP in a maintenance haemodialysis cohort in line with consensus guidelines and determine the agreement with in-centre BP.

Methods: A post hoc analysis of a pilot-scale, randomised two-period cross-over study comparing self-monitoring of BP over 4 weeks with usual care in 41 haemodialysis patients. Dialysis systolic BP (SBP) was compared with (i) home SBP averaged over 24 h, (ii) home SBP measurements on non-dialysis days between 6 pm-12 am and 6 am-12 pm.

Efficacy of wearable devices detecting pulmonary congestion in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations are prognostically significant. Implantable hemodynamic monitors detect early congestion but are invasive and costly, with no clear mortality benefit. Wearable devices offer a non-invasive alternative for monitoring congestion.

Cross-border investigation of a tuberculosis outbreak in Vienna linked to a multi-country cluster among foreign-born individuals, Europe, 2021 to 2025.

Collaborative genomic and epidemiological investigations identified a tuberculosis outbreak in Vienna as part of a multi-country cluster comprising 57 foreign-born cases of ST215/Beijing 2.2.1 notified 2021-2025.

Contributions, bias, and research gaps in large animal ex vivo lung perfusion models: A systematic review.

Background: A major challenge in lung transplantation is the shortage of viable donor lungs. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has emerged as an effective assessment and conditioning tool to expand the donor lung pool. This systematic review sought to establish the contribution of large animal models to EVLP development and application, particularly focusing on assessing the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence.

Oncogene-driven lung cancer in the era of radiogenomics: current evidence and future developments.

Radiogenomics integrates imaging and genomic data to further refine precision oncology and is of particular interest in oncogene-driven lung cancer. By linking radiologic features with molecular alterations, radiogenomics aims to enable non-invasive tumor characterization, improve diagnostics, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. In oncogene-driven lung cancer, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has uncovered actionable oncogenes such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK, BRAF, MET, HER2, and fusions in ROS1, and NTRK, which have revolutionized the management and outcomes of patients with these alterations.

The Prevalence of Gastric Atrophy in Western and Northern European Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Gastric atrophy (GA) is a pre-neoplastic condition leading to gastric cancer (GC). Early GA detection is critical for guiding surveillance and preventing advanced GC. Histology is the current gold standard for GA diagnosis, but is considered not cost-effective for routine screening in Western populations.

The impact of age on survival and excess mortality after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

Despite the availability of novel agents, autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) remains the standard of care in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The impact of age on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and excess mortality (taking account of general population mortality) was investigated using information on 61,797 MM patients transplanted between 2013 and 2017. The median age at auto-HCT was 60.

Development of a complex 3D in vitro alternative model to evaluate the safety of advanced materials.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) i.e., liver damage caused by pharmaceutical and other chemical substances, represents a significant clinical challenge in both its diagnosis and treatment, with DILI remaining a major factor in drug attrition and market withdrawal, accounting for approximately 50 % of reported cases of acute liver failure.

Factors influencing healthcare worker symptomatic respiratory infection and vaccine uptake during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Objective: Investigate the factors associated with symptomatic respiratory infection and uptake of seasonal SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccine amongst healthcare workers (HCWs).

Design: Longitudinal prospective multi-center study.

Setting: Two tertiary healthcare centers in Ireland.

The Multifaceted Role of Autophagy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Translational Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, Treatment Resistance, and Emerging Therapies.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Despite treatment advances such as the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Many tumours are also diagnosed at an advanced stage associated with poor prognosis.

The emerging role of immunothrombosis in the control and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Greater understanding of the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis is critical for developing novel therapies. Here, we propose that immunothrombosis plays an important role in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This interplay between macrophages, neutrophils, and platelets leads to microthrombosis at the site of infection, trapping the mycobacterium to prevent dissemination.