Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.

Global challenges in diabetes research and care: which way forward? An appraisal from the EASD Global Council.

This review article, developed by the EASD Global Council, addresses the growing global challenges in diabetes research and care, highlighting the rising prevalence of diabetes, the increasing complexity of its management and the need for a coordinated international response. With regard to research, disparities in funding and infrastructure between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are discussed. The under-representation of LMIC populations in clinical trials, challenges in conducting large-scale research projects, and the ethical and legal complexities of artificial intelligence integration are also considered as specific issues.

Vasculogenic potential of adipose tissue derived stem cells from patients with chronic spinal cord injury and pressure injuries.

Limited vascularization and ischemia are major contributors to the chronicity of wounds, such as ulcers and traumatic injuries, which impose significant medical, social, and economic burdens. These challenges are particularly pronounced in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), a disabling condition associated with vascular dysfunction, infections, and impaired peripheral circulation, complicating the treatment of pressure injuries (PIs) and the success of reconstructive procedures like grafts and flaps. Regenerative medicine aims to address these issues by identifying effective cellular therapies to restore vascular beds.

Evaluating the effectiveness of biotic indices for long-term ecological quality assessment in a heavily polluted estuary.

Marine ecosystems, particularly estuaries, are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. The Odiel Estuary has suffered severe contamination from acid mine drainage and industrial activities. Since 1986, mitigation efforts have been implemented, yet their long-term ecological effectiveness remains under-evaluated.

Impact of maternal stress and COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment: signature cohort 12 month follow-up.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented global challenges. Amid the crisis, the potential impact of COVID-19 exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring born to infected mothers emerged as a critical concern. This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their offspring enrolled in the Signature project at Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio in Seville, Spain, between 01/01/2024 and 08/31/2022.

Fulminant myocarditis: outcome predictors in an international cohort study.

Background And Aims: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by acute myocardial inflammation and cardiogenic shock. Evidence on long-term outcomes, mortality risk factors, and targeted treatment options remains limited.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included consecutive adult patients admitted for FM between January 2012 and November 2022 at 26 European tertiary centres.

A Phase II Trial to Assess the Evolution of the KRAS Mutation Load by Liquid Biopsy in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Neoadjuvant NALIRIFOX.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between the KRAS mutational load and the histologic tumor response in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who received neoadjuvant treatment (NAC) with pegylated liposomal irinotecan in combination with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (NALIRIFOX).

Methods: This was a multicenter, single-arm, interventional, open-label, phase 2 trial in patients 18 years or older who had histologically or cytologically confirmed PDAC and were candidates for surgery and received neoadjuvant NALIRIFOX. The primary outcome was determination of the association between the KRAS mutational load and the histologic tumor response after chemotherapy.

Transition of patients with hereditary nephropathies from pediatric to adult care.

Adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with genetic kidney diseases, face unique challenges as they transition from pediatric to adult nephrology care. This period is marked not only by changes in healthcare providers but also by significant developmental, psychosocial, and medical complexities. In response, the ERA Working Group on Genes and Kidney and the ESPN Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases have collaborated to develop practical advice for healthcare professionals involved in transition care across Europe and beyond.

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of refractory focal status epilepticus.

This case study reports the first documented use of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) to treat refractory status epilepticus (RSE). A 33-year-old woman with drug-resistant epilepsy and recurrent RSE underwent SEEG to define her epileptogenic zone. A new RSE started shortly before and continued during the SEEG exploration, being unresponsive to multiple antiseizure medications, vagal nerve stimulation, and corticosteroid therapy.

A phase IB study of binimetinib and palbociclib in molecularly selected advanced triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Advanced, pre-treated TNBC has a dismal prognosis and lacks effective options beyond standard cytotoxics. We previously showed, via phosphoproteomic screening, that CDK6 and ERK hyperactivation are linked to adverse outcomes and represent actionable targets. This prompted us to evaluate palbociclib and binimetinib in advanced TNBC after one or two prior therapies.

The role of inhibitory neuronal variability in modulating phase diversity between coupled networks.

Neuronal heterogeneity, characterized by a multitude of spiking neuronal patterns, is a widespread phenomenon throughout the nervous system. In particular, the brain exhibits strong variability among inhibitory neurons. Despite the huge neuronal heterogeneity across brain regions, which in principle could decrease synchronization due to differences in intrinsic neuronal properties, cortical areas coherently oscillate during various cognitive tasks.

New Experimental Mouse Models to Evaluate the Role of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Liver Tumorigenesis.

Background And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. TGF-β is a promising therapeutic target, but its dual role, as both a tumour suppressor and promoter, complicates its clinical application. While its effects on tumour cells are increasingly understood, its impact on the tumour stroma remains unclear.

Facial Asymmetry in the Helical Grooves of Chiral Helical Polymers to Create 2D Single-Chain Archimedean Spiral Nanostructures.

Archimedean spirals are architectural motifs that are found in nature. The facial asymmetry of amphiphilic molecules or macromolecules has been a key parameter in the preparation of these well-organized two-dimensional nanostructures in the laboratory. This facial asymmetry is also present in the helical grooves of chiral helical substituted poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) and poly(diphenylacetylene)s (PDPAs), making them excellent candidates for self-assembly into 2D Archimedean nanospirals or nanotoroids.

A Prospective Cohort Study of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses and the Role of Innate Immunity.

Background: Vaccination is a key strategy to reduce infectious disease mortality. In pediatric heart transplant recipients (HTRs), the use of immunosuppressive therapy weakens immune responses, increasing the risk of viral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) revaccination in this vulnerable population.

Antifungal Prescribing in European Pediatric Intensive Care Units: Results of a multinational 3-month weekly point-prevalence survey.

Background: Critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the PICU are highly vulnerable to infections, including invasive fungal diseases and antifungal agents are frequently prescribed. Little is known about antifungal usage in PICUs across Europe.

Methods: A multinational 3-month weekly point-prevalence study for measuring antifungal drug use was organized.

Chronotype and psychopathology: insights from a genetically informative design.

Study Objectives: Chronotype has been linked to a wide variety of psychiatric conditions. In particular, evening chronotype could be a transdiagnostic risk factor for different mental health difficulties. In this study we examine how chronotype relates to psychopathology and whether it can be conceptualised as part of the global construct of psychopathology (p-factor) by studying the genetic and environmental overlap between these variables.

Multiomics Comparison of Proline-Rich Peptide-Enhanced Hyaluronic Acid Gels Versus Conventional Regenerative Materials: An Early Wound-Healing Model.

Aims: To compare the early wound-healing responses to crosslinked hyaluronic acid enriched with two proline-rich peptides (P2, P6) against unmodified hyaluronic acid and the enamel-matrix derivative (EMD) in a porcine gingival-detachment model.

Methods: In six pigs, defects around premolars were treated with HA, HA + P2, HA + P6 or EMD. After 6 days, the sites were harvested and evaluated using histology, immunohistochemistry, multiplex cytokine assay and untargeted proteomics of the gels, which were examined, informing an integrated multiomics approach analysis.

Interpretation of plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites and catabolites derived from (poly)phenols following ingestion of mango by ileostomists and subjects with a full gastrointestinal tract: complications associated with endogenous and ingested phenylalanine and tyrosine.

Consumption of mango has been associated with a number of beneficial effects on health which have been attributed to phenolic catabolites originating from (poly)phenols following ingestion. To investigate the origins of potentially bioactive phenolic catabolites, ileostomists and subjects with a full gastrointestinal tract on a low(poly)phenol diet ingested a mango pulp purée containing 426 μmol of (poly)phenols consisting mainly of gallotannins and cinnamic acids, along with 231 μmol of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Over a 24 h period post-mango intake plasma and urine were collected and analysed by UHPLC-HRMS.

Impact of Alopecia Areata on Major Life-changing Decisions: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Alopecia areata is a prevalent autoimmune condition causing non-scarring alopecia, with significant impacts on quality of life. However, the long-term effects on major life-changing decisions remain understudied. A cross-sectional study was performed including patients with alopecia areata who attended the Dermatology Department of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital.

Vaccination Recommendations in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Treated With JAK Inhibitors.

Atopic dermatitis therapy has undergone a revolutionary change with the introduction of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Despite their general safety profile, these immunomodulatory drugs require special precautions with respect to infection risk and vaccine administration. This document aims to provide dermatologists and other healthcare practitioners with comprehensive practical vaccination recommendations for adults and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis who are receiving or are about to receive treatment with JAK inhibitors.

Randomised Clinical Trial on the Effect of Intermittent Vibrational Force Application During Orthodontic Treatment With Aligners on Root Resorption.

Objective: The aim of this RCT was to analyse the relationship between intermittent vibratory forces and external apical root resorption (EARR) in patients treated with clear aligners, building on prior research on vibrational effects on biomarkers.

Materials And Methods: A parallel, three-arm randomised clinical trial included adults to be treated with clear aligners, randomly assigned by a computerised randomisation list to: Group A (vibration from treatment onset), Group B (vibration after 6 weeks), or Group C (no vibration). While patients and orthodontists were aware of group assignments, evaluators remained blinded.

Indication for biologics in a real-world cohort of dupilumab treated chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients according to international recommendations: evidence from the European CRS Outcome Registry (CHRINOSOR).

Background: Criteria for biologic treatment of uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) differ across international recommendations and prescription of biologics depends on national reimbursement criteria. CHRINOSOR offers an opportunity to analyse biologic indications in the real-world setting according to international recommendations.

Methods: CRSwNP patients who received dupilumab treatment in the ENT clinic of 6 tertiary centres (5 countries) were included.