Burden and Correlates of Child Undernutrition Based on the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) in Bangladesh: Evidence From the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.

Despite economic growth and poverty reduction, child undernutrition is still widespread in Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate both the burden and correlates of undernutrition among children under five in Bangladesh using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Data were obtained from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), comprising a weighted sample of 21,885 children collected through a nationally representative cross-sectional survey between January and June 2019.

Biodegradable packaging film from watermelon rind pectin and pineapple peel nanocellulose: Preparation, characterization and food application.

This study developed pectin nanocellulose (PNC) composite films using pectin extracted from watermelon rind and nanocellulose (NC) derived from pineapple peel. Films were prepared by incorporating varying NC concentrations (2 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 10 %) into the pectin matrix and characterized for optical, barrier, mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties, as well as their effectiveness in extending the shelf life of fresh-cut cauliflower. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed NC integration into the pectin matrix.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Directions.

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) poses significant treatment challenges, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. This review synthesizes recent studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, specifically tisagenlecleucel, in achieving complete remission (CR) and improving overall survival rates among pediatric patients with ALL. A comprehensive literature search identified 12 studies published between January 2014 and July 2024, encompassing cohort studies and clinical trials.

Theoretical Insights into Enhanced Electrocatalytic Arsenic Oxidation on Au-Decorated Pt Surfaces in Neutral Medium.

In this study, we present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of the electrocatalytic oxidation of arsenite on Au immobilized Pt surfaces in a neutral medium. Theoratically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that thePt-Au bimetallic system exhibits superior adsorption energy (E = -2.045 eV) compared to bare Au (-0.

Exploring resilience as a mediator and moderator in the relationships between stress and depression among undergraduate medical students.

Background: There is evidence that physicians are more likely to experience stress and depression. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of resilience in the connection between stress and depression among undergraduate medical students. The purpose of this study was to investigate how resilience affects the association between stress and depression in undergraduate medical students by acting as a mediator and moderator.

Aflatoxin M Levels in Milk and Urine Samples of Nursing Mothers in Bangladesh: Exposure Assessment of Infants.

Breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infant growth and development. However, when nursing mothers consume aflatoxin B (AFB)-contaminated food, the hydroxylated form aflatoxin M (AFM) is transferred to breast milk and urine. AFB and its metabolite AFM are potent carcinogens and can pose significant risks to food safety and public health worldwide.

Cryoprotective effects of trehalose on the physicochemical and microstructural stability of frozen apple purée.

Freezing is a common preservation method for fruit-based products but often leads to quality degradation caused by ice crystal formation and structural damage. This study aimed to evaluate the cryoprotective effects of trehalose on the physicochemical and microstructural stability of apple purée during 30 days of frozen storage at -18 °C. Apple purée samples were prepared with trehalose at concentrations of 0 %, 1 %, and 5 % (w/w) to investigate its efficacy in reducing drip loss, preserving microstructure, and maintaining nutritional and textural quality.

Research experience and career factors in relation to mental health problems: Prevalence, risk factors, and machine learning-based predictive estimates.

Background: Mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and insomnia, are increasingly prevalent among university students and graduates, especially those involved in academic research. The impact of research-related characteristics on mental health remains underexplored.

Aim: We examined this relationship using machine learning alongside traditional statistical analyses and GIS mapping.

The association of cyberbullying with major depressive disorders among Bangladeshi female adolescents: findings from the Bangladesh adolescent health and wellbeing survey 2019-20.

Background: Cyberbullying refers to the act of using digital technology to engage in bullying. It involves the intentional use of the internet to demean or denigrate individuals, and it has been linked to substantial psychological distress globally. Despite its increasing prevalence, there remains a gap in nationwide research on its association with the mental well-being of female adolescents in Bangladesh.

Prevalence and risk factors for the development of COPD among workers in stone quarries: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Employees working in stone quarries are frequently exposed to dust, especially silica particles, which may increase the risk of developing various lung diseases, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function and explore the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with COPD among individuals in this occupational category.

Methods: This Cross-sectional study recruited 200 workers from multiple stone quarries.

Exosome: The hidden messengers in cancer detection and immunotherapy.

Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, driving the need for innovative approaches in early detection and treatment management. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring molecular cargo between donor and recipient cells. They have emerged as key players in cancer progression and therapy.

Pantropical tree rings show small effects of drought on stem growth.

Increasing drought pressure under anthropogenic climate change may jeopardize the potential of tropical forests to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long-term carbon dioxide sink. To evaluate this risk, we assessed drought impacts in 483 tree-ring chronologies from across the tropics and found an overall modest stem growth decline (2.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 2.

Social Media Use Time and Mental Health of Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh.

Background: Social media (SM) use has gained much popularity among young adults, which could impact their mental health. The association between SM use time and young adults' mental health in Bangladesh has been less researched.

Aim: To determine the association between SM use time and mental health among young adults in Bangladesh.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of m6A regulatory genes in Soybean: Insights into evolution, miRNA interactions, and stress responses.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, playing a crucial role in plant development and stress responses. The m6A modification is regulated by three key components: writers (which add methyl groups), erasers (which remove them), and readers (which interpret the modification). Despite its significance, the role of m6A regulatory genes in plants, particularly in soybean, remains largely unexplored.

The multifaceted Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) protein: From molecular composition to extraction techniques, techno-functional properties, and food applications.

Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) seeds are a sustainable, high-quality protein source, with protein content ranging from 24 to 33 %, and up to 62 % in oil-pressed by-products. Protein isolates exhibit molecular weights between 8 and 75 kDa, with key bands in the 20-50 kDa range, reflecting structural diversity. Amino acid analysis confirms the presence of all essential amino acids (EAA), especially histidine, tryptophan, and valine, although lysine and methionine are limiting for certain age groups according to WHO standards.

Exploring the effects catastrophic health expenditure due to non-communicable diseases and coping strategies: A case study among households in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), due to their chronic nature, lead to long-term and significant health burdens that result in catastrophic expenses for individuals and communities. This study explores the socioeconomic effects of catastrophic health costs on households with family members experiencing NCDs and their coping mechanisms in rural areas of Bangladesh.

Study Design: Qualitative study.

Technology Addiction: Effects of Electronic Games and Social Media Use on Academic Performance and Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders Among School-Age Adolescents.

Background And Aims: There is conflicting research regarding the negative effects of electronic gaming and addictive social media use on psychological disorders and academic achievement. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between social media use and electronic gaming addiction with depression and academic achievement.

Methods: This investigation is cross-sectional.

Google search interests and new cases of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a vector autoregression analysis for disease surveillance.

Unlabelled: This study explores the application of Google Search Trends (GST) data as a tool for COVID-19 surveillance in Bangladesh. Using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach, it investigates how GST search can predict new COVID-19 cases. The findings show that GST can offer timely insights into public health responses.

Evaluating the performance of CHIRPS and CPC precipitation data for streamflow forecasting using multiple linear regression and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network model.

Accurate streamflow forecasting is essential for effective water resources management and planning. Traditionally, streamflow prediction has relied heavily on a large volume of precipitation data from ground-based weather stations, which are often expensive to build and maintain and provide rainfall data at a coarse spatial resolution. However, machine learning techniques have introduced cost-effective tools for streamflow forecasting that require minimal input data.

Microglial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, emerging therapies, and future directions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes. These symptoms are primarily driven by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, and persistent neuroinflammation. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a crucial role in the disease's progression.

Joint modelling of anthropometric child undernutrition indicators to identify their risk factors in Bangladesh: evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019.

Objective: Stunting, wasting and underweight are the three widely recognised indicators of child undernutrition. This study aimed to simultaneously model all indicators while accounting for their association using a joint modelling technique to identify their risk factors.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study design.

Ethical Challenges in Research Involving Hospitalized Patients: A Phenomenological Study.

Hospital-based research plays a crucial role in advancing medical knowledge, but it also presents significant ethical challenges, particularly when involving hospitalized patients. Ethical concerns such as informed consent, patient autonomy, and the power dynamics between healthcare providers and patients are critical to maintaining the integrity of such research. The aim of this research was to explore and analyze the ethical considerations in conducting research involving hospitalized patients.

Comprehensive immunoinformatics guided design and in silico assessment of a multi-epitope vaccine to elicit immunity against Mayaro virus.

Unlabelled: The Mayaro virus (MAYV), an emerging arbovirus of the Alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae), shares clinical and epidemiological features with other arboviruses such as Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika. It causes Mayaro fever in humans, characterized by febrile illness and prolonged arthralgia, often leading to misdiagnosis. Given the absence of licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies and the presence of competent vectors in endemic regions, MAYV poses a significant threat of epidemic, particularly in rural South America.

Application of supervised machine learning and unsupervised data compression models for pore pressure prediction employing drilling, petrophysical, and well log data.

Accurate determination of pore pressure is critical in the design of wells, determining a safe range of mud properties, and estimating the required mud weight to ensure wellbore stability. Conventional techniques for forecasting pore pressure, such as the Eaton, Bower, or compressibility methods, have certain constraints. These methods depend on empirical relationships and constants that can differ between basins.

The reappearance of Chikungunya virus in Bangladesh, 2024.

Objectives: We investigated a new outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Dhaka and nearby areas of Bangladesh in 2024, examining its epidemiology, clinical features, and genomic characteristics.

Methods: The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research enrolled suspected Chikungunya cases from October 19 to December 31, 2024. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed, and positive cases were followed up via telephone between days 21 and 28.