Modulation of Heat Shock Proteins Levels in Health and Disease: An Integrated Perspective in Diagnostics and Therapy.

Heat shock proteins belong to a highly conserved family of chaperone proteins, and in addition to their participation in the regulation of cellular proteostasis (folding of polypeptides and proteins, disaggregation of incorrectly folded peptides, and participation in autophagy processes), also play a significant immunomodulatory role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Changes in the HSP level, both downwards (e.g.

Parenteral viral hepatitis among students in Da Nang, Vietnam, and insights into new hepatitis B virus genotype B classification.

This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, D viruses among adults aged 18-22 years and assessed the impact of viral populations on the epidemiological trends in hepatitis virus transmission. A total of 568 students of Da Nang University were enrolled in the study in 2018. The prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc was 4.

Finding the Materials Harder than Diamond: Macroscale and Microscale Studies.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are currently promising models for novel metamaterials that can be produced by 3D printing. It was previously shown how features of crystal microstructures can be transferred to architected materials, providing lightweight, damage-tolerant designs with desired strength and toughness (Pham, M.-S.

Study of Cytotoxicity of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and Cyclopropa[]pyrrolizidines Spiro-Fused to Acenaphthylene-1(2)-one and Aceanthrylene-1(2)-one Fragments Against Tumor Cell Lines.

A series of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and cyclopropa[]pyrrolizidines spiro-fused to acenaphthylene-1(2)-one and aceanthrylene-1(2)-one frameworks have been studied for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human erythroleukemia (K562), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), melanoma (Sk-mel-2), osteosarcoma (U2OS), as well as murine melanoma (B16) cell lines.

Preparation, Acidity, and Catalytic Activity of Synthetic Montmorillonites in α-Pinene Isomerization.

A series of montmorillonites with different Mg and Al contents (Na(Al,Mg)SiO(OH)·HO, where 0 < ≤ 1) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by MAS NMR, XRD, N adsorption-desorption, FTIR with pyridine, TPD-NH, SEM, and thermal analysis techniques. The material obtained without aluminum ( = 1), or with a minimum amount of it ( = 0.9) is a trioctahedral saponite becoming a fully dioctahedral montmorillonite at its highest content ( = 0.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Spiro[1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane] Frameworks via [3+2]-Cycloaddition.

An efficient one-pot three-component [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides, generated in situ from isatins and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, with different maleimides and itaconimides has been investigated. These reactions afford the corresponding spiro and dispiro[1-azabicyclo[3.2.

Activation of the Coagulation Cascade as a Universal Danger Sign.

Hemostasis is a mechanism that stops bleeding from an injured vessel, involves multiple interlinked steps, culminating in the formation of a "clot" sealing the damaged area. Moreover, it has long been recognized that inflammation also provokes the activation of the coagulation system. However, there has been an increasing amount of evidence revealing the immune function of the hemostasis system.

Realization of Intermolecular Interactions as a Basis for Controlling Pervaporation Properties of Membranes Made of Aromatic Polyamide-Imides.

New aromatic co-polyamide-imides (coPAIs) containing both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the repeating units were synthesized for the first time. Transport, thermal and morphological properties of dense nonporous membranes from PAIs obtained using the diacid chloride of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid and diamines 5,5'-methylene-bis (2-aminophenol)) and 3,5-Diaminobenzoic acid, taken in molar ratios of 7:3, 1:1, and 3:7, have been studied. High levels of membrane permeability accompanied by high selectivity for mixtures of liquids with significantly different polarities were determined by realization of intra- and intermolecular interactions in polymer, which was proved by thermal analyses and hydrodynamic characteristics of coPAIs.

Study of Cytotoxicity of Spiro-Fused [3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]oxindoles and Cyclopropa[a]pyrrolizidine-oxindoles Against Tumor Cell Lines.

: A series of spiro-fused heterocyclic compounds containing cyclopropa[a]pyrrolizidine-2,3'-oxindole and 3-spiro[3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]-hexane]oxindole frameworks were synthesized and studied for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human erythroleukemia (K562), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), acute T cell leukemia (Jurkat), melanoma (Sk-mel-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) as well as mouse colon carcinoma (CT26) cell lines.

Effect of BaTiO Filler Modification with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Electric Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites.

Two ranges of dielectric permittivity () increase in polymer composites upon the modification of BaTiO filler with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are shown for the first time. The first increase in permittivity is observed at low MWCNT content in the composite (approximately 0.07 vol.

Autoprobiotics in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in the Early Postoperative Period.

Despite great advances in the treatment of oncological diseases, the development of medical technologies to prevent or reduce complications of therapy, in particular, those associated with surgery and the introduction of antibiotics, remains relevant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of autoprobiotics based on indigenous non-pathogenic strains of and as a personalized functional food product (PFFP) in the complex therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early postoperative period. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with CRC were enrolled in the study.

Tetrazoles and Related Heterocycles as Promising Synthetic Antidiabetic Agents.

Tetrazole heterocycle is a promising scaffold in drug design, and it is incorporated into active pharmaceutical ingredients of medications of various actions: hypotensives, diuretics, antihistamines, antibiotics, analgesics, and others. This heterocyclic system is metabolically stable and easily participates in various intermolecular interactions with different biological targets through hydrogen bonding, conjugation, or van der Waals forces. In the present review, a systematic analysis of the activity of tetrazole derivatives against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been performed.

Novel 1,2,4-Triazole- and Tetrazole-Containing 4-Thiopyrano[2,3-]quinolines: Synthesis Based on the Thio-Michael/aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Tandem Reaction and Investigation of Antiviral Activity.

A novel method for synthesizing 1,2,4-triazole- and tetrazole-containing 4-thiopyrano[2,3-]quinolines using a new combination of the thio-Michael and aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions was developed. Target compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities and antiviral activities against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus in MDCK cells. The compounds showed low toxicity and some exhibited moderate antiviral activity.

Polyacetylene Derivatives from the Polypore Fungus (Fistulina hepatica, Agaricomycetes) and Their Antimicrobial Activity.

Chemical investigation of the polypore fungus Fistulina hepatica resulted in the isolation of five compounds, including four new polyacetylenic fatty acid derivatives - isocinnatriacetin B (1), isocinnatriacetin A (2), cinna-triacetin C (3) and ethylcinnatriacetin A (4) together with one known polyacetylene fatty acid derivative - cinnatriacetin A (5). The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (UV, NMR, HR-ESIMS) along with comparison to literature data. Antibacterial activity screening of compounds 1-5 against ESKAPE bacterial strains in vitro with zones of inhibition (ZOI) was performed and MIC values were established for the most active compounds (3 and 4).

Holmium-Containing Metal-Organic Frameworks as Modifiers for PEBA-Based Membranes.

Recently, there has been an active search for new modifiers to create hybrid polymeric materials for various applications, in particular, membrane technology. One of the topical modifiers is metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which can significantly alter the characteristics of obtained mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In this work, new holmium-based MOFs (Ho-MOFs) were synthesized for polyether block amide (PEBA) modification to develop novel MMMs with improved properties.

Three-Dimensional Printed Shape Memory Gels Based on a Structured Disperse System with Hydrophobic Cellulose Nanofibers.

Inks for 3D printing were prepared by dispersing bacterial cellulose nanofibers (CNF) functionalized with methacrylate groups in a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and acrylic acid with water as a cosolvent. After 3D printing and UV-curing, the double-network composite gel consisting of chemically and physically crosslinked structures composed from sub-networks of modified CNF and polymerized DES, respectively, was formed. The rheological properties of inks, as well as mechanical and shape memory properties of the 3D-printed gels, were investigated in dynamic and static modes.

Experimental and Theoretical Quantitative Studies of the Hydrogen Bonding Basicity of 2,5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles and Some Related Heterocycles.

The tetrazole cycle is a well-known pharmacophore fragment that is part of the structure of a large number of biologically active compounds, including drugs. The diverse biological properties of such heterocylic systems and related compounds are largely determined by their ability to form strong hydrogen bonds with the targets. However, quantitative data on the hydrogen bonding of such heterocycles are limited.

Water Influence on the Physico-Chemical Properties and 3D Printability of Choline Acrylate-Bacterial Cellulose Inks.

The aim of this work was to study the influence of water as a co-solvent on the interaction between a polymerizable ionic liquid-choline acrylate (ChA)-and bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose dispersed in ChA is a new type of UV-curable biopolymer-based ink that is a prospective material for the 3D printing of green composite ion-gels. Higher cellulose content in inks is beneficial for the ecological and mechanical properties of materials, and leads to increased viscosity and the yield stress of such systems and hampers printability.

New benzoquinone pigments from the hydnoid fungus and their biosynthetic relationship.

Chemical investigation of the hydnoid fungus resulted in the isolation of five compounds, including two new sarcodontic acid derivatives - setosic acid () and 7,8-dehydrohomosarcodontic acid () along with three known benzoquinone pigments - sarcodontic acid (), 4,5-dehydrosarcodontic acid () and dihydrosarcodontic acid (). The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (UV, NMR and HR-ESIMS). The biosynthetic relationship of the isolated compounds is proposed and discussed.

An ultra-high-entropy rare earth orthoferrite (UHE REO): solution combustion synthesis, structural features and ferrimagnetic behavior.

A novel ultra-high-entropy rare earth orthoferrite (UHE REO) of ScYLaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuFeO nominal composition was successfully synthesized for the first time through a simple and efficient solution combustion approach. PXRD, Raman, and Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the high chemical and phase purity of the synthesized UHE REO (hereafter denoted as ΣREFeO), which belonged to the space group, typical of the perovskite-like rare earth orthoferrites. Despite the fact that the main X-ray reflections, vibration modes, and spectral Mössbauer components unambiguously indicate the single-phase nature of the sample, the results of SEM and TEM make it possible to establish the presence of a main (about 50 nm) and a minor ultrafine (about 10 nm) fraction of ΣREFeO nanoparticles.

2-[(2-Amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-arylacetamides: Discovery of a new class of anti-tubercular agents and prospects for their further structural modification.

The synthesis of 2-[(2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-arylacetamides 6a-j was encouraged by their antibacterial activity and drug-likeness predictions. Of the compounds, two bearing 4‑isopropylphenyl 6c and 2,5‑dichlorophenyl 6i moieties were found to be threefold more potent than the first-line tuberculosis drug ethambutol. A molecular docking study revealed that compound 6c may selectively bind to cyclopropane mycolic acid synthase 1, an enzyme essential for the construction of the tuberculosis bacteria cell wall.

Polymyxin B Conjugates with Bio-Inspired Synthetic Polymers of Different Nature.

The emergence and growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses an enormous threat to humanity in the future. In this regard, the discovery of new antibiotics and the improvement of existing ones is a priority task. In this study, we proposed the synthesis of new polymeric conjugates of polymyxin B, which is a clinically approved but limited-use peptide antibiotic.

A 4-lineage Statistical Suite to Evaluate the Support of Large-Scale Retrotransposon Insertion Data to Reconstruct Evolutionary Trees.

Retrophylogenomics makes use of genome-wide retrotransposon presence/absence insertion patterns to resolve questions in phylogeny and population genetics. In the genomics era, evaluating high-throughput data requires the associated development of appropriately powerful statistical tools. The currently used KKSC 3-lineage statistical test for estimating the significance of retrophylogenomic data is limited by the number of possible tree topologies it can assess in one step.

Rhenium(I) Block Copolymers Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone: A Successful Strategy to Water-Solubility and Biocompatibility.

A series of diphosphine Re(I) complexes - have been designed via decoration of the archetypal core {Re(CO)(N^N)} through the installations of the phosphines and bearing the terminal double bond, where N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine () or 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline () and = diphenylvinylphosphine, and = 4-(diphenylphosphino)styrene. These complexes were copolymerized with the corresponding N-vinylpyrrolidone-based Macro-RAFT agents of different polymer chain lengths to give water-soluble copolymers of low-molecular ) and high-molecular block-copolymers containing rhenium complexes. Compounds -, as well as the copolymers and , demonstrate phosphorescence from a MLCT excited state typical for this type of chromophores.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Acrylate Anion Based Ionic Liquids.

Two polymerizable ionic liquids (or monomeric ionic liquids, mILs) namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and choline acrylates ([C4mim]A and ChA, respectively) were synthesized using the modified Fukumoto method from corresponding chlorides. The chemical structure of the prepared mILs was confirmed with FTIR and NMR study. Investigation of the thermal properties with DSC demonstrates that both mILs have a Tg temperature of about 180 K and a melting point around 310 K.