The Added Value of the YLS/CMI Subscales Beyond the Total Score Among Japanese Youth Offenders in Detention.

This study examined whether subscales of the Youth Level of Service Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) have added value beyond the total score. Including 238 detained Japanese juvenile offenders (ages 16-19), the proportional reduction in mean squared error (PRMSE) method was applied. Most subscales showed added value, except for Attitudes/Orientation.

Familiarity gates socially transmitted aggression via the medial amygdala.

Aggressive behavior can be acquired through observation, providing adaptive advantages but also posing significant social risks. In humans, individuals repeatedly exposed to aggression are more likely to engage in violent behavior later in life. Yet, the environmental factors and neural mechanisms underlying observationally acquired aggression remain unclear.

Multifaceted Mesodiencephalic Triangles: Insights into Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration and Oculopalatal Tremor Pathophysiology.

Oculopalatal tremor is a rare neurological disorder characterized by rhythmic oscillations of ocular and palatal muscles. This phenomenon is commonly associated with hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olive due to loss of GABAergic cerebello-olivary fibers. Oculopalatal tremor highlights the complex interplay between cerebellar, mesodiencephalic, and olivary networks.

Genomic regions and candidate genes associated with seed nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur accumulation identified in the soybean 'Forrest' by 'Williams 82' RIL population.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) are essential nutrients for plant health. Deficiencies in N, P, or S in plants lead to lower seed production and seed quality in grain crops, including soybean seed. Soybean seed is a source of protein, oil, essential amino acids, and minerals.

The role of Universal Grammar and crosslinguistic influence in the interpretation of recursive set-subset adjectives in adult Romanian L1-English L2 bilinguals.

Our research contributes to debates about the role of Universal Grammar constraints and crosslinguistic influence in sequential bilingual acquisition and use. We investigate experimentally how adult Romanian L1-English L2 bilinguals interpret sequential adjectival modifiers of a noun in recursive set-subset contexts in both languages (e.g.

Apoptosis and Brain Dervived Neurotrophic Factor are increased in cortical neurons of Marfan Syndrome mice.

Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects connective tissue throughout the body due to mutations in the fibrillin-1 ( gene. There is a gap in our understanding of the impact of monogenic connective tissue aberrations on the brain. This study aimed to determine the impact of MFS on neurodegeneration in the cortical brain tissue of mice.

Cement Embolus in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.

Multiple myeloma consists of characteristic symptoms such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone abnormalities. Kyphoplasty, a minimally invasive surgical intervention, is a commonly used procedure to stabilize bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma. Despite its relative safety, a potential complication is cement embolism.

Micrometastasis and Isolated Tumor Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Refining Nodal Staging with Emerging Technologies.

Purpose: Cervical lymph node metastasis significantly influence prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), guiding staging, treatment decisions, and overall survival. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) offers a minimally invasive approach for early detection of subclinical nodal metastasis, including micrometastases (0.2-2 mm) and isolated tumor cells (ITCs, < 0.

Dendritic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitously secreted nanoparticles that modulate the activities of recipient cells either through the transfer of bioactive cargo or by surface receptor-mediated signalling. EVs derived from dendritic cells are increasingly recognised as promising platforms for therapeutic cancer vaccines, owing to their immunostimulatory cargo, their capacity to transfer preformed peptide-major histocompatibility complexes to antigen-presenting cells, and their ability, in some cases, to directly activate cognate T cells. Despite encouraging preclinical results, EV-based cancer vaccines have demonstrated limited clinical efficacy, constrained by suboptimal immunogenicity, poor lymphoid targeting, and suppression within the tumour microenvironment.

Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy reveals regulatory mechanisms of MYO7A-driven cargo transport in stereocilia of live inner ear hair cells.

Stereocilia are F-actin-based cylindrical protrusions on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells that function as biological mechanosensors of sound and acceleration. During stereocilia development, specific unconventional myosins transport proteins and phospholipids as cargo and mediate elongation, differentiation and acquisition of the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET). How unconventional myosins localize themselves and cargo in stereocilia using energy from ATP hydrolysis is only partially understood.

Efficacy and Safety of Baxdrostat in Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension.

Background: Aldosterone dysregulation plays an important pathogenic role in hard-to-control hypertension. In several studies, baxdrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, reduced the seated systolic blood pressure of patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension.

Methods: In this phase 3, multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited patients with a seated systolic blood pressure of between 140 mm Hg and less than 170 mm Hg despite the receipt of stable treatment with two antihypertensive medications (uncontrolled hypertension) or three or more such medications (resistant hypertension), including a diuretic.

Temporal Trends in Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusion Thresholds for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: To evaluate if hematologic thresholds for red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions changed over time following publication of new evidence from randomized trials in a multicenter cohort of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study Design: We analyzed data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatrics (REDS-IV-P) study from April 2019 through December 2023. We compared pre-transfusion hemoglobin and platelet counts closest to each transfusion within 24 hours by year using linear mixed models and used model interaction terms to determine if trends over time differed by postnatal weeks.

Do women attending antenatal clinics who use only intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) have higher Plasmodium falciparum prevalence compared to those who used both IPTp and slept under insecticide-treated nets?

Background: As global malaria incidence continues to increase across sub-Saharan Africa, tightening usage of existing prevention strategies is crucial for protection of vulnerable populations. Nigeria alone accounted for more than a quarter of the 247 million cases in 2021. During pregnancy, Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp) and use of Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are recommended for malaria prevention.

Safety of cardioversion without anticoagulation in patients' status post left atrial appendage occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is commonly used for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF). Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides stroke prevention in patients with contraindications to oral anticoagulation (OAC), but the safety of DCCV without periprocedural anticoagulation in this group remains uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of performing DCCV without systemic anticoagulation in patients with prior LAAO.

Fabrication of nZVI/rGO via an innovative thermal co-reduction method for enhanced PFAS removal through sequential adsorption and photocatalytic degradation.

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron/reduced graphene oxide (nZVI/rGO) nanohybrids for the efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The magnetic nanohybrids were fabricated using an innovative thermal co-reduction method, enabling scalable production under inert conditions. Comprehensive characterization confirmed successful integration of nZVI onto rGO sheets, and nanohybrids exhibited high surface area, strong magnetic properties, and effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation capabilities for PFAS.

Insights into the genetic and biochemical basis of Gibberella ear rot resistance in maize.

Fusarium graminearum colonizes the maize ear, causing Gibberella ear rot (GER) and producing harmful mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). The disease can be managed in part by breeding and planting resistant maize cultivars. Resistance to GER is a quantitative and complex trait.

Minimally Invasive Treatments for Posterior Urethral Stenosis.

The objective of this study was to summarize and review literature on treatment methods for stenoses of the posterior urethra. Stenosis of the posterior urethra, particularly of a bladder neck stenosis (BNS) or vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS), presents significant clinical challenges, in part owing to the heterogeneity of the patient population and additionally secondary to morbidity of historic definitive treatments. Traditionally, this disease process has been preferentially managed with endoscopic interventions in the form of direct vision internal urethrotomy or dilation, with or without injectables, with variable success rates ranging from 40.

Targeting cancer-associated fibroblast-driven LIF/LIFR axis improves the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is inherently therapy resistant due to cancer cell-stroma crosstalk across several signaling pathways. Among these, the LIF/LIFR axis has been implicated in cancer cell and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) crosstalk. We evaluated the efficacy of EC359, a competitive inhibitor of LIFR, in combination with gemcitabine.

Collaborative Learning and Soft Skills Seminar (CLASS): An innovative Pedagogy for Enhancing Engagement and Assessment in Large-Class Settings.

Collaborative Learning and Soft Skills Seminar (CLASS) is an innovative pedagogical method for assessing large groups of students within the constraints of a short semester. In this approach, students are organized into teams of four, collaboratively selecting a subject-related topic. Each team delivers a 20-minute presentation with 20 slides, with every student contributing a four-to-five-minute segment.

Baxdrostat for uncontrolled and resistant hypertension: rationale and design of the Phase 3 clinical trials BaxHTN, BaxAsia, and Bax24.

Inappropriately elevated aldosterone is a common feature of uncontrolled hypertension (uHTN) and resistant hypertension (rHTN), and is a major pathophysiological driver of adverse cardiorenal outcomes beyond elevated blood pressure (BP). Baxdrostat is a selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor that has demonstrated dose-dependent seated office systolic BP (SBP) lowering in a Phase 2 trial of patients with rHTN. Here, we report the design of the baxdrostat hypertension Phase 3 program.

Light pollution prolongs avian activity.

Light pollution disrupts light-dark cues that organisms use as timetables for life. Although studies-typically focusing on individual species-have documented earlier morning onset of bird vocalization in light-polluted landscapes, a synthesis of light pollution effects across species, space, and season is lacking. We used a global acoustic dataset of more than 60 million detections, representing 583 diurnal bird species, to synthesize effects of light pollution on avian vocalization.

Outpatient Follow-up of Pulmonary Embolism: Putting It all Together.

Many patients discharged after an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) admission have inconsistent outpatient follow-up and insufficient workup for chronic complications of PE. A structured outpatient care program is lacking for the different phenotypes of chronic PE, such as chronic thromboembolic disease, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and post-PE syndrome. A dedicated PE follow-up clinic extends the organized, systematic care provided to patients with PE via the PERT (Pulmonary Embolism Response Team) model in the outpatient setting.

Surgical Removal of Visceral Adipose Tissue has Therapeutic Benefit in Male APP Mice.

Purpose: Visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) accumulation causes systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and senescent cell accumulation that are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Visceral fat removal (VFR) improves metabolism and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that VFR removal in AD mice would improve metabolism and cognition.