Race Comparisons in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Insights From the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium.

Background: Differences in cardiac sarcoidosis between racial groups remain understudied. Therefore, this study aims to explore race differences in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium, an international registry including over 25 centers.

System readiness and the patient care pathway for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment.

Promising therapeutic interventions that target the underlying pathophysiology are changing the landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. The AD care pathway must be transformed to meet the challenge of bringing these new therapies to the increasing number of people living with AD within the existing healthcare framework. Challenges include identifying patients who may benefit from treatment interventions early in the course of the disease, ensuring that diagnostic tools are accessible and accurate, and developing capabilities to monitor the effectiveness of interventions over time.

Can CTA-based Machine Learning Identify Patients for Whom Successful Endovascular Stroke Therapy is Insufficient?

Background And Purpose: Despite advances in endovascular stroke therapy (EST) devices and techniques, many patients are left with substantial disability, even if the final infarct volumes (FIVs) remain small. Here, we evaluate the performance of a machine learning (ML) approach using pre-treatment CT angiography (CTA) to identify this cohort of patients that may benefit from additional interventions.

Materials And Methods: We identified consecutive large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) subjects who underwent EST with successful reperfusion in a multicenter prospective registry cohort.

2023 International Rome consensus for the nomenclature of Sjögren disease.

Nomenclature for the disease widely known as Sjögren syndrome has proven unsatisfactory. Patients have perceived 'syndrome' as indicative of a vague collection of symptoms, prompting the Sjögren's Foundation to abandon the term. Furthermore, the traditional distinction between 'primary' and 'secondary' forms fails to account for the complex interplay between overlapping autoimmune diseases.

Mental disorders and socioeconomic outcomes in women with cervical cancer, and their children and co-parents.

Background: Cervical cancer often affects women who are in the middle of life and may carry substantial mental and socioeconomic impact also on families. We performed a generation-spanning study to elucidate this burden.

Methods: We used nationwide registers during 1991-2018 in Sweden to perform 2 matched cohort studies based on a source population of more than 5 million women.

Machine-Learning-Aided Advanced Electrochemical Biosensors.

Electrochemical biosensors offer numerous advantages, including high sensitivity, specificity, portability, ease of use, rapid response times, versatility, and multiplexing capability. Advanced materials and nanomaterials enhance electrochemical biosensors by improving sensitivity, response, and portability. Machine learning (ML) integration with electrochemical biosensors is also gaining traction, being particularly promising for addressing challenges such as electrode fouling, interference from non-target analytes, variability in testing conditions, and inconsistencies across samples.

Gene-Environment Interaction Affects Risk of Atopic Eczema: Population and In Vitro Studies.

Background: Multiple environmental and genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema (AE). We aimed to investigate gene-environment interactions (G × E) to improve understanding of the pathophysiology.

Methods: We analysed data from 16 European studies to test for interaction between the 24 most significant AE-associated loci identified from genome-wide association studies and 18 early-life environmental factors.

Comparison between endovascular and surgical treatment of acute arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia.

Background: The optimal strategy for initial treatment of acute occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is debated. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness, timelines and outcomes of endovascular versus open surgical treatment in patients with acute SMA occlusion. This was a preplanned substudy of the prospective observational multicenter AMESI (Acute MESenteric Ischaemia) study.

First-in-human safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pilot food-effect study of the candidate antimalarial compound MMV367.

Aim: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy participants of orally administered MMV367 (GSK3772701), a novel antimalarial interfering with Plasmodium falciparum acyl coenzyme A synthetase 10/11 function.

Methods: This first-in-human study enrolled 47 healthy male and female participants. Part 1 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which four sequential fasted cohorts received MMV367 single ascending doses (100, 300, 750 and 1500 mg) or placebo (six active, two placebo per cohort).

Dual-Phase Degradation and Hydroxyapatite Formation in Bioactive Glass Ceramic-Coated Aluminum Titanate Scaffolds for Bone Applications.

Aluminum titanium oxide scaffolds present a highly promising option because of their bioactivity, degradability, and antibacterial characteristics for bone tissue engineering. This makes them a viable alternative to metallic implants, which are susceptible to infection and have limited endurance. The present work aims to examine the impact of sol-gel bioactive glass ceramic coatings on AlTiO pellets throughout immersion periods of 12 and 24 h (BG12, BG24).

Statin Therapy as Primary Prevention for Persons With HIV: A Synopsis of Recommendations From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines Panel.

Description: REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) showed benefits of pitavastatin as preventive therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people with HIV (PWH). In February 2024, the U.S.

Clinical and Endoscopic-Histological Features of Multifocal and Corpus-Restricted Atrophic Gastritis Patients With Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer or Dysplasia: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-related atrophic gastritis (AG) affects corpus and antral mucosa, resulting in multifocal AG (MF-AG); autoimmunity-driven AG is corpus-restricted (CR-AG). AG carries increased gastric dysplasia (GD) and gastric cancer (GC) risk, well established in MF-AG, but debated in CR-AG. This study aimed to assess clinical, endoscopic-histological characteristics of GD-GC in patients with MF-AG and CR-AG.

Endovascular Therapy for Late-Window M2-Segment Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Analysis of the CLEAR Study.

Background: There is uncertainty about whether patients with M2 occlusion benefit from endovascular therapy (EVT) in the late (6-24-hour) time window. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with M2 occlusion selected for EVT compared with those who received medical management (MM) in the late window.

Methods: This multinational cohort study was conducted at 66 sites across 10 countries (January 2014 to May 2022).

Disruption of P2Y2 Signaling Promotes Breast Tumor Cell Dissemination by Reducing ATP-Dependent Calcium Elevation and Actin Localization to Cell Junctions.

The tumor microenvironment and healing wounds both contain extremely high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) compared to normal tissue. The P2Y2 receptor, an ATP-activated purinergic receptor, is typically associated with pulmonary, endothelial, and neurological cell signaling. Here, we examine ATP-dependent signaling in breast epithelial cells and how it is altered in metastatic breast cancer.

Association between the use of levodopa/carbidopa, Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and cognitive decline among participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set.

Introduction: This retrospective study investigates whether exposure to levodopa/carbidopa (LA/CA) medication is associated with modified Alzheimer's disease (AD) trajectories.

Methods: Multivariate analysis used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker information included in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set for subjects with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia (DE). Survival analyses examined the progression to MCI/DE and death events.

Preclinical Evaluation of Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Therapy on Post-Surgical Oedema and Lymphatic Activity.

Closed incisional Negative Pressure Therapy (ciNPT) has demonstrated improved post-surgical healing with reduced oedema and hematoma/seroma formation in patients. The underlying mechanism of action is poorly understood, although evidence indicates that lymphatics play a role. The effects of ciNPT on oedema and lymphatic recovery were assessed following bilateral, surgical undermining of swine mammary tissues.

Belumosudil reduces oral chronic graft-versus-host disease tissue inflammation and fibrosis: a ROCKstar companion study.

Belumosudil (KD025), an oral, selective, Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, is approved for third-line treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Previous studies demonstrated that ROCK2 inhibition reduces blood interleukin-17 (IL-17) activity and promotes regulatory T-cell (Treg cell) recovery. However, these studies did not evaluate immune responses within cGVHD-affected tissues.

Quality of life at peri- and postmenopause: analysis of the results from app "Mi Menopausia".

Objective: To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Spanish peri- and postmenopausal women using the Cervantes Short Form (SF) scale, and the factors associated with its variations.

Study Design: A total of 7103 peri- and postmenopausal women were registered with the app "Mi Menopausia" from June 2021 to June 2024. This app is designed specifically for peri- and postmenopausal women.

Involving children in global health policy and programming: practical guidance to get started.

Children face new and growing threats to their health and well-being, including rising rates of non-communicable diseases and mental health disorders linked to the influence of commercial determinants of health and climate change, among other issues. Yet despite their right to participation established under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children are rarely invited to participate in global health processes meant to benefit them, whether by selecting priorities, designing policies and programming, advocating for their adoption or evaluating their implementation or impact. We call for greater involvement of children in global health initiatives, particularly those designed to benefit them, and lay out five principles to structure such engagement: (i) respect for children's right to participation, (ii) protection of children's safety and well-being as a foremost concern, (iii) age-appropriate interactions, (iv) reasonable inclusivity, and (v) transparency and accountability towards child participants.

Deep Learning in Knee MRI: A Prospective Study to Enhance Efficiency, Diagnostic Confidence and Sustainability.

Rationale And Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate a combination of deep learning (DL)-reconstructed parallel acquisition technique (PAT) and simultaneous multislice (SMS) acceleration imaging in comparison to conventional knee imaging.

Materials And Methods: Adults undergoing knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DL-enhanced acquisitions were prospectively analyzed from December 2023 to April 2024. The participants received T1 without fat saturation and fat-suppressed PD-weighted TSE pulse sequences using conventional two-fold PAT (P2) and either DL-enhanced four-fold PAT (P4) or a combination of DL-enhanced four-fold PAT with two-fold SMS acceleration (P4S2).

A rare variant in associated with depression in a Mennonite pedigree causes habenula hyperactivity and stress sensitivity in mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Risk for MDD is heritable, and the genetic structure of founder populations enables investigation of rare susceptibility alleles with large effect. In an extended Old Order Mennonite family cohort, we identified a rare missense variant in (c.

Retro-forward synthesis design and experimental validation of potent structural analogs of known drugs.

Generation of structural analogs to "parent" molecule(s) of interest remains one of the important elements of drug development. Ideally, such analogs should be synthesizable by concise and robust synthetic routes. The current work illustrates how this process can be facilitated by a computational pipeline spanning (i) diversification of the parent substructure replacements aimed at enhancing biological activity, (ii) retrosynthesis of the thus generated "replicas" to identify substrates, (iii) forward syntheses originating from these substrates (and synthetically versatile "auxiliaries") and guided "towards" the parent, and (iv) evaluation of the candidates for target binding and other medicinal-chemical properties.

Interplay of Spontaneous Reporting and Longitudinal Healthcare Databases for Signal Management: Position Statement from the Real-World Evidence and Big Data Special Interest Group of the International Society of Pharmacovigilance.

Signal management, defined as the set of activities from signal detection to recommendations for action, is conducted using different data sources and leveraging data from spontaneous reporting databases (SRDs), which represent the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance. However, the exponentially increasing generation and availability of real-world data collected in longitudinal healthcare databases (LHDs), along with the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence-based algorithms and other advanced analytical methods, offers a wide range of opportunities to complement SRDs throughout all stages of signal management, especially signal detection. Integrating information derived from SRDs and LHDs may reduce their respective limitations, thus potentially enhancing post-marketing surveillance.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Profiles of Participants in Nova Scotia's Rapid Access Stabilization Program and Community Mental Health Program: A Comparative Analysis.

To address the growing demand for mental health services, Nova Scotia Health introduced the Rapid Access Stabilization Program (RASP) through its Mental Health and Addictions Program (MHAP) in April 2023. RASP is designed to help reduce long wait times, frequent emergency department visits, and admissions to provide early intervention for individuals experiencing mental health problems. The RASP focuses on rapid access and early mental health intervention, aiming to prevent the worsening of patients' symptoms, improve access to psychiatric care, and reduce service pressures on programs like the Community Mental Health Program (CMHP), which provide more extended, ongoing mental health support.