Exploring the Clinical Usefulness of Undergraduate Medical Research: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Unlabelled: A significant amount of published clinical research has no measurable impact on health and disease outcomes, and research in undergraduate medical education is viewed as especially susceptible. The aims of this mixed methods study were to (a) to use group concept mapping (GCM) to explore key features identified by hospital physicians, medical educators, and medical students as central to clinical usefulness in an undergraduate medical research context, and (b) review a sample of undergraduate medical research projects based on usefulness criteria described by Ioannidis (2016). In the GCM procedure, 54 respondents (39 students, 15 physicians) from an Irish medical school participated across each of three phases: brainstorming, sorting, and rating.

Making Co-Design More Responsible: Case Study on the Development of an AI-Based Decision Support System in Dementia Care.

Background: Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) require an early-stage assessment of potential societal and ethical implications to increase their acceptability, desirability, and sustainability. This paper explores and compares 2 of these assessment approaches: the responsible innovation (RI) framework originating from technology studies and the co-design approach originating from design studies. While the RI framework has been introduced to guide early-stage technology assessment through anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity, and responsiveness, co-design is a commonly accepted approach in the development of technologies to support the care for older adults with frailty.

AI-Assisted Decision-Making in Long-Term Care: Qualitative Study on Prerequisites for Responsible Innovation.

Background: Although the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, such as AI-based decision support systems (AI-DSSs), can help sustain and improve the quality and efficiency of care, their deployment creates ethical and social challenges. In recent years, a growing prevalence of high-level guidelines and frameworks for responsible AI innovation has been observed. However, few studies have specified the responsible embedding of AI-based technologies, such as AI-DSSs, in specific contexts, such as the nursing process in long-term care (LTC) for older adults.

Reliability Theory for Measurements with Variable Test Length, Illustrated with ERN and Pe Collected in the Flanker Task.

In psychophysiology, an interesting question is how to estimate the reliability of event-related potentials collected by means of the Eriksen Flanker Task or similar tests. A special problem presents itself if the data represent neurological reactions that are associated with some responses (in case of the Flanker Task, responding incorrectly on a trial) but not others (like when providing a correct response), inherently resulting in unequal numbers of observations per subject. The general trend in reliability research here is to use generalizability theory and Bayesian estimation.

The Safe Sport Allies bystander training: developing a multi-layered program for youth sport participants and their coaches to prevent harassment and abuse in local sport clubs.

Harassment and abuse represent a pervasive and critical problem in sport with far-reaching consequences. Survivors' testimonials underscore the profound and enduring impact of these experiences at individual, interpersonal, organizational and community level. Many of their stories reveal painful inaction from responsible adults in the sport organization, aggravating the harm.

"": An Exploratory Qualitative Study into Recruitment Strategies Stimulating Middle-Aged and Older Adults to Join Physical Activity Interventions.

Many middle-aged and older adults (MAOAs) do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA), despite its well-documented benefits for healthy aging. Existing PA interventions often fail to reach or engage the target population effectively. This study investigates MAOAs' preferences for recruitment strategies to optimize the reach and uptake of PA interventions, thereby enhancing their impact on healthy aging and public health.

Beliefs About Cannabis Use Among Male and Female Andalusian Adolescents.

This study assessed potential differences between girls and boys in the prevalence rates of cannabis use, sociodemographic factors, and beliefs about cannabis use. 1,896 Andalusian adolescents aged 14-18 participated in an online survey based on the I-Change model. The survey assessed their beliefs about cannabis use, including attitudes, social influences, self-efficacy, action planning, and intention to use.

Web-based occupational stress prevention in German micro- and small-sized enterprises - process evaluation results of an implementation study.

Background: Structural and behavioral interventions to manage work-related stress are effective in employees. Nonetheless, they have been implemented insufficiently, particularly in micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSE). Main barriers include a lack of knowledge and limited resources, which could potentially be overcome with simplified web-based alternatives for occupational stress prevention.

A bayesian network meta-analysis to explore modifying factors in randomized controlled trials: what works for whom to reduce depression in nursing home residents?

Background: Reviews of depression interventions in nursing home residents resulted in positive findings. However, because of the heterogeneity of the studies, it remains unclear what works for whom. Considering moderator effects may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of depression treatment in residents.

Sexual functioning is not, but psychological burden is predictive for receiving help in pelvic physical therapy practice: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Pelvic floor complaints are common among women and often accompanied by sexual dysfunction and psychological burden. They are also associated with pregnancy and childbirth. However, not all women with these complaints receive help in pelvic physical therapy practice.

The construct validity of attitudes toward sex offenders (ATS) scale: ATS is more strongly linked to the acceptance of sex offenders than other offenders or non-offenders.

Negative attitudes toward offenders may hinder the rehabilitation process. The present study examines the relationship between attitudes toward sex offenders and stated acceptance of offenders and non-offenders into various aspects of daily life. Sixty female members of the public (18-50 years old, UK residents, recruited by word of mouth and via social media) completed an attitudes towards sex offenders (ATS) scale and indicated for each of eight vignettes describing ex-offenders and non-offenders whether they would accept them in various situations (housing, employment, day-to-day activities).

Automatic object detection for behavioural research using YOLOv8.

Observational studies of human behaviour often require the annotation of objects in video recordings. Automatic object detection has been facilitated strongly by the development of YOLO ('you only look once') and particularly by YOLOv8 from Ultralytics, which is easy to use. The present study examines the conditions required for accurate object detection with YOLOv8.

The development of the PET@home toolkit: An experience-based co-design method study.

Objective: The relevance of pets in long-term home care is increasingly recognised because of their effects on health outcomes in clients and the rising number of clients receiving long-term care at home (further referred to as clients receiving home care). Currently, there is a lack of supportive materials that address pet-related challenges within home care. This study aimed to develop a toolkit for clients receiving home care with pets, their family, and professional caregivers using a participatory research approach.

Neglecting the impact of childhood neglect: A scoping review of the relation between child neglect and emotion regulation in adulthood.

Background: Childhood neglect, a prevalent form of child abuse, has significant short-term and long-term consequences on mental health.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of existing evidence on childhood neglect in relation to emotion regulation in adulthood.

Participants And Setting: Participants were not individually evaluated but we provided future directions for research based on the overview of studies.

Bayesian Multivariate Logistic Regression for Superiority and Inferiority Decision-Making under Observable Treatment Heterogeneity.

The effects of treatments may differ between persons with different characteristics. Addressing such treatment heterogeneity is crucial to investigate whether patients with specific characteristics are likely to benefit from a new treatment. The current paper presents a novel Bayesian method for superiority decision-making in the context of randomized controlled trials with multivariate binary responses and heterogeneous treatment effects.

Automatic Associations between Sexual Function Problems and Pursuing Help in Pelvic Physical Therapy Practice: The Psychometric Investigation of an Implicit Association Test.

Not all women experiencing pelvic floor complaints and sexual function problems seek help in pelvic physical therapy practice. Decisions to seek help can result from explicit and implicit cognitive processes. Having found some explicit predictive factors for receiving help in this setting, this study examines possible complementary implicit associations between sexual function problems and pursuing help that might also be predictive.

Decision discovery using clinical decision support system decision log data for supporting the nurse decision-making process.

Background: Decision-making in healthcare is increasingly complex; notably in hospital environments where the information density is high, e.g., emergency departments, oncology departments, and psychiatry departments.

Recognize the Value of the Sum Score, Psychometrics' Greatest Accomplishment.

The sum score on a psychological test is, and should continue to be, a tool central in psychometric practice. This position runs counter to several psychometricians' belief that the sum score represents a pre-scientific conception that must be abandoned from psychometrics in favor of latent variables. First, we reiterate that the sum score stochastically orders the latent variable in a wide variety of much-used item response models.

Determinants of adherence to insulin and blood glucose monitoring among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes in Qatar: a qualitative study.

Background: Adherence to insulin and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is insufficient in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) worldwide and in Qatar. Little is known about the factors related to being aware of suboptimal adherence and the beliefs related to suboptimal adherence in this group. This qualitative study investigated factors related to awareness of, and beliefs about suboptimal adherence, as well as the existence of specific action plans to combat suboptimal adherence using the I-Change model.

Proof of Reliability Convergence to 1 at Rate of Spearman-Brown Formula for Random Test Forms and Irrespective of Item Pool Dimensionality.

It is shown that the psychometric test reliability, based on any true-score model with randomly sampled items and uncorrelated errors, converges to 1 as the test length goes to infinity, with probability 1, assuming some general regularity conditions. The asymptotic rate of convergence is given by the Spearman-Brown formula, and for this it is not needed that the items are parallel, or latent unidimensional, or even finite dimensional. Simulations with the 2-parameter logistic item response theory model reveal that the reliability of short multidimensional tests can be positively biased, meaning that applying the Spearman-Brown formula in these cases would lead to overprediction of the reliability that results from lengthening a test.

School-based physical activity interventions: which intervention characteristics are associated with participation and retention? A meta-analysis.

Objective: Many school-based intervention studies are conducted to increase students' physical activity (PA). Recruitment and retention problems potentially impact the robustness of RCT findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize recruitment and retention rates in long-term secondary school-based PA intervention studies and examined associated participant and intervention characteristics.

Human health risk attributed to consumption of seafood and recreation swimming in Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka: An assessment on lagoon water and inhabitant oysters (Crassostrea cucullata Born, 1778).

The Negombo Lagoon is a coastal lagoon influenced by local communities that introduce waste into its ecosystem. This study examined seven sewage entry points, out of which five sites were chosen for oyster sampling based on availability. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water (measured in triplicate at each site, n = 84) and oyster samples (total length, TL > 6 cm, n = 30) were assessed.