Insights into biological activities profile of gingerols and shogaols for potential pharmacological applications.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome has been widely used in traditional medicine for centuries to promote good health and well-being, treating conditions such as diarrhea, stomach discomfort, nausea, cholera, asthma, and respiratory diseases. Gingerol and shogaol are essential bioactive phenolic compounds abundantly found in fresh and dried ginger and have been extensively studied using modern technology to evaluate their therapeutic effects. These phenolic compounds demonstrate a wide range of properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects, which operate through various mechanisms.

Mcl-1 is an important target protein for kaempferol from persimmon leaves in sensitizing ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cancer cells.

Overexpression of Mcl-1 causes hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to Bcl-2 inhibitors, but there are currently no direct Mcl-1 inhibitors available for clinical application. Our previous research demonstrated that kaempferol from persimmon leaves (KPL) can sensitize ABT-199 to inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation. This study further explored the effect of KPL sensitizing ABT-199 on liver cancer cell apoptosis and its potential mechanisms.

Clinacanthus nutans aqueous leaves extract exerts anti-allergic activity in preclinical anaphylactic models via alternative IgG pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Allergy is mediated by the crosslinking of immunoglobulins (Ig) -E or -G to their respective receptors, which degranulates mast cells, macrophages, basophils, or neutrophils, releasing allergy-causing mediators. The removal of these mediators such as histamine, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukins (ILs) released by effector cells will alleviate allergy. Clinacanthus nutans (C.

Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and ¹H-NMR Metabolomics Application in Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Water Leaf Extract.

The present study aims for the first time to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of the highest dose of (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract according to the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) 423 guidelines through conventional toxicity and advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation methods.