Prevalence of Dental Caries in Arabian Children Attending King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of dental caries in children and the impact of associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was performed on children attending the dental clinic at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were used for the diagnosis of early childhood caries.

Dengue Virus Transmission via Deceased Renal Allograft: A Case Report Highlighting the Need for Donor Screening in Endemic Areas.

Dengue virus infection (DVI) has multiple routes of transmission. Modes of transmission include mosquito bites, perinatal transmission, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, needle stick injuries, or laboratory accidents. DVI in kidney transplant recipients is common in an endemic area.

Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Parry-Romberg Syndrome: A Case Report.

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS), also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a rare condition characterized by unilateral degeneration of facial tissues. This case report details the anesthetic management of a 16-year-old female with PRS scheduled for elective dental surgery. The patient's facial asymmetry and restricted mouth opening posed significant challenges for airway access, necessitating a customized anesthetic plan.

Actinic Lichen Planus of the Forehead Mimicking Lentigo Maligna: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We describe a 52-year-old Saudi male who presented with a six-month history of an enlarging pigmented macule over the left forehead. Clinical examination revealed a 1.4 × 2 cm asymptomatic black-grey patch with irregular borders and variable pigmentation.

The second survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: Main results and temporal changes in care (STARS-2 program).

Background: The Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (STARS) program aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of a representative sample of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Saudi Arabia. This second phase evaluates temporal changes in patient care, demographics, and the management benchmarks for AMI.

Methods And Findings: We created a 5-year recurring, multi-center prospective registry that utilizes a snapshot design in 50 hospitals from various healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Spontaneous Paraclinoid Carotid Artery Bleeding Presenting as Massive Epistaxis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Fungal pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare, life-threatening complications of invasive fungal sinusitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These pseudoaneurysms typically occur in the cavernous segment due to its proximity to the sphenoid sinus and often present with massive epistaxis or neurological deficits. The supraclinoid ICA segment is a rare location for these aneurysms and carries risks of both intracranial and sinonasal hemorrhage.

Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from a tertiary hospital.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). To our knowledge, limited studies have examined the risk factors of recurrent DKA in the Saudi T1DM population.

Objectives: To identify factors contributing to recurrent DKA in Saudi patients with T1DM.

Application of metallic guides and reverse scanning for full-mouth rehabilitation using implant-supported prostheses: A case report.

Advances in dental implantology, such as immediate loading protocols, digital planning, and improved biomaterials, have revolutionized the treatment of edentulous patients by offering faster and more predictable outcomes. This case report describes a complete digital workflow for maxillary and mandibular implant-supported full-arch prostheses in an edentulous patient with nonuniform bone shape, limited interarch space, and excessive gingival display. A full-arch immediate loading protocol, including a fixation base, a scalloped bone-reduction guide for preserving the interdental bone, an osteotomy guide, and provisional prostheses, was digitally designed and fabricated.

Neonatal Outcomes Following Elective Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks: A Systematic Review.

Elective induction of labor (eIOL) at 39 weeks of gestation has gained prominence in obstetric practice, yet its impact on neonatal outcomes remains debated. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on neonatal outcomes following eIOL at 39 weeks compared to expectant management, addressing critical knowledge gaps to inform clinical decision-making. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase identified 16 eligible studies.

Delayed presentation of midgut volvulus in 70-year-old patient: A case report.

Midgut rotation is uncommon to present in adult age group and can be complicated by midgut volvulus. Our patient is 70-year-old male, who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and constipation for 4 days. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan (CT) was done and showed typical findings of midgut volvulus, which are inversion of the mesenteric vessels and whirlpool sign.

Knowledge and Awareness of Ocular Allergy Among the General Population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Ocular allergies represent a growing public health concern, yet awareness and knowledge gaps persist - particularly in high-risk regions like Makkah, Saudi Arabia, with its unique environmental allergens. This study assessed ocular allergy knowledge among Makkah's general population. Methods A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted with 404 adults (aged 18-60 years), recruited via convenience sampling.

Case report: Lyme disease presenting as Guillain-Barré syndrome in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States; however, it is very rare in Saudi Arabia. If left untreated, the disease can lead to neuroborreliosis, which can rarely present as Guillain-Barré-like syndrome. We propose the possible diagnosis of an unusual presentation of neuroborreliosis in a patient with a previous presumed diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Evaluation of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in critically Ill elderly patients: A multicenter cohort Study.

Background: Older adults are at a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly when admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Parenteral anticoagulation is the primary method used for thromboprophylaxis in critically ill patients.Nonetheless, there is limited evidence on the most effective pharmacological agents for thromboprophylaxis and their dosages specifically for older adults in critical care settings.

Efficacy and safety of abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Western region in Saudi Arabia: a multi-center study.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients, there is contradictory evidence regarding Abatacept's safety profile (ABA). This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of ABA in adult patients in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed adult patients aged 18 and above with RA who received ABA at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, and King Fahad General Hospital, and Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Cullin-3 and Regulatory Biomolecules Profiling in Vitiligo: Integrated Docking, Clinical, and In Silico Insights.

Background: Vitiligo, a chronic depigmentation disorder driven by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation, remains poorly understood mechanistically. The Keap1/NRF2/ARE pathway is critical for melanocyte protection against oxidative damage; however, the role of Cullin-3 (CUL3), a scaffold for E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate NRF2 degradation, and its interplay with inflammatory mediators in vitiligo pathogenesis are underexplored. This study investigates CUL3, NRF2, and the associated regulatory networks in vitiligo, integrating clinical profiling and computational docking to identify therapeutic targets.

Validation of the Arabic ADHD rating Scale-5 for adolescents in Saudi Arabia using structural equation modeling.

There is an increasing number of studies in the literature on the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicating its high prevalence. This study sought to investigate the reliability of the ADHD Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) for adolescents in Saudi Arabia as a valid screening tool for this age group. Furthermore, it aimed to calculate the cutoff score for screening for ADHD in the Saudi environment to provide a reliable tool that helps specialists assessing for ADHD among adolescents.

The Safety and Efficacy of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Metronidazole Versus Meropenem for Intra-abdominal Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Intra-abdominal infections encompass a range of medical conditions categorized by their complexity. Uncomplicated infections involve inflammation or infection limited to a single abdominal organ, such as acute appendicitis or cholecystitis, without extending to the peritoneum, while complicated infections spread to the peritoneal cavity. The key associated microbiological agents include Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, and obligate anaerobes, with common pathogens being Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus species, and Bacteroides fragilis.

Barriers to Lifestyle Modification and Willingness to Join Weight Loss Programs Among Overweight or Obese Adults in Saudi Family Medicine Clinics.

Background Obesity is a growing public health concern in Saudi Arabia, with increasing prevalence and related comorbidities. Lifestyle modification is key to treatment, yet patient-level barriers and readiness to engage in structured weight management programs remain underexplored in primary care. Objective The aim of this study was to examine perceived barriers to lifestyle change, past weight loss attempts, and factors associated with willingness to join structured weight loss programs among overweight or obese adults attending family medicine clinics in Saudi Arabia.

SCAI/EAPCI/ACVC Expert Consensus Statement on Cardiogenic Shock in Women: This statement was endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA).

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women worldwide, with mortality rates due to cardiogenic shock (CS) remaining exceedingly high. Sex-based disparities in the timely delivery of optimal CS treatment contribute to poor outcomes; addressing these disparities is a major priority to improve women's cardiovascular health. This consensus statement provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of treatment of CS in women across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease states and identifies important gaps in evidence.

Right Versus Left Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy and Its Effects on Transplant Outcomes: Experience From Saudi Arabia.

Live kidney donation is increasingly common due to the shortage of organs. Surgeons prefer the left kidney due to easier access and longer renal vein. There are conflicting reports about the outcomes of right versus left kidney transplants.

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of carbetocin in reducing intraoperative blood loss during abdominal myomectomy.

Aim: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of carbetocin compared to passive control (placebo or no treatment) in the context of abdominal myomectomy.

Methods: Six sources of information underwent screening until 13 April 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Cutaneous and systemic manifestations of EGFR inhibitor therapy: A case of PRIDE syndrome.

EGFR inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies by targeting cancer cells specifically. The "PRIDE" complex encompasses a range of cutaneous adverse effects linked to EGFR inhibition therapy, including acneiform eruptions, xerosis, eczema, paronychia, and hair and nail changes. Cutaneous toxicities are among the most reported adverse events in this context.

Donor-specific antibodies against HLA-C, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ and their implications in kidney transplantation.

HLA-C, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ are thought to be benign due to low expression and few initial negative studies. Historically, most allocation programs used HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens for matching. With the advent and use of single-bead antigen assays, more was learned about donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) against these antigens.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Silver Sulfate Present in the Wound Dressing Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Unusual Case.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed orthopedic surgical procedure for severe cases of osteoarthritis, providing significant pain relief and improved function. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old female who underwent TKA on her left knee and presented later with erythema, itching, and burning sensation on the left knee, raising a suspicion of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) following the use of a silver sulfate-containing wound dressing after TKA. The patient was managed successfully with a conservative approach, receiving medical treatment after the allergy was reported, and was discharged with only minimal neurological residuals.