Genetic Divergence and Isolation of the Green Sea Turtle () in the Red Sea.

The green sea turtle is a wide-ranging marine reptile, inhabiting all the world's tropical and warm-temperate seas. This global distribution makes delineating population boundaries challenging, and molecular tools like genetic markers are often required to define these limits. The Red Sea hosts ~1500 nesting green turtles, but research in the region is limited.

The Coral Probiotics Village: An Underwater Laboratory to Tackle the Coral Reefs Crisis.

Restoration efforts are urgently needed for the conservation of coral reefs. Among emerging tools, the use of probiotics has shown promise in laboratory settings for improving coral resilience, but their validation under real-world reef conditions remains limited. Here, we present the Coral Probiotics Village (CPV) as a novel and fully operational underwater research laboratory and a testing ground designed to support the in situ testing of microbial-based coral restoration interventions.

Modelling the Habitat Distribution of the Endemic Azooxanthellate Coral From the Mesophotic to the Deep Red Sea.

The coral genus has a global distribution from shallow waters to over 1200 m depth. In the Red Sea, the azooxanthellate endemic species is known to occur from depths of 120 to 350 m. This species is often observed in mesophotic ecosystems and has been reported to form sediment-binding bioherms, yet the conditions required for these formations are not understood.

Microwave characterization of plasmonic antennas through electron energy loss spectroscopy.

The absence of suitable equipment has long hindered traditional microwave characterization of nano-antennas and their effective design at frequencies beyond several terahertz, limiting the exploration of the myriad applications of plasmonic antennas by the microwave engineering community and necessitating a paradigm shift in characterization methods. This work addresses this challenge by introducing a novel approach employing electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to characterize input impedance and scattering parameters of plasmonic antennas from mid-infrared to optical frequencies. Central to this method is a newly developed theoretical framework that links electron energy loss probability with microwave scattering parameters, crucial for antenna design.

Advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells: Evolution of active sites and synergistic properties of catalysts and carrier materials.

Proton exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a clean and efficient type of energy storage device. However, the sluggish reaction rate of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been a significant problem in its development. This review reports the recent progress of advanced electrocatalysts focusing on the interface/surface electronic structure and exploring the synergistic relationship of precious-based and non-precious metal-based catalysts and support materials.

Future Energy Breakthroughs: Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf.

Countries in the Arabian Gulf are reliant upon hydrocarbons for revenues, exports, industries and funding services. It is largely assumed that the global energy transition will be gradual, as reflected in planning and strategy documents. However, energy breakthroughs can change the global energy system.

Future Scenarios for River Exports of Multiple Pollutants by Sources and Sub-Basins Worldwide: Rising Pollution for the Indian Ocean.

In the future, rivers may export more pollutants to coastal waters, driven by socio-economic development, increased material consumption, and climate change. However, existing scenarios often ignore multi-pollutant problems. Here, we aim to explore future trends in annual river exports of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), plastics (macro and micro), and emerging contaminants (triclosan and diclofenac) at the sub-basin scale worldwide.

The Grumpy dwarfgoby, a new species of (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the Red Sea.

A new gobiid species is described from ten specimens, 9.2 - 16.7 mm SL, collected from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea.

Innovative Strategies for Photons Management on Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells.

Silicon (Si), the eighth most common element in the known universe by mass and widely applied in the industry of electronics chips and solar cells, rarely emerges as a pure element in the Earth's crust. Optimizing its manufacturing can be crucial in the global challenge of reducing the cost of renewable energy modules and implementing sustainable development goals in the future. In the industry of solar cells, this challenge is stimulating studies of ultrathin Si-based architectures, which are rapidly attracting broad attention.

Intra-colony spatial variance of oxyregulation and hypoxic thresholds for key coral species.

Oxygen (O) availability is essential for healthy coral reef functioning, yet how continued loss of dissolved O via ocean deoxygenation impacts performance of reef building corals remains unclear. Here, we examine how intra-colony spatial geometry of important Great Barrier Reef (GBR) coral species may influence variation in hypoxic thresholds for upregulation, to better understand capacity to tolerate future reductions in O availability. We first evaluate the application of more streamlined models used to parameterise Hypoxia Response Curve data, models that have been used historically to identify variable oxyregulatory capacity.

Electrospun Cu-Co ferrite nanofibers: synthesis, structure, optical and magnetic properties, and anti-cancer activity.

In this study, we investigated Cu-Co ferrite nanofibers (NFs) that were synthesized for the first time employing the electrospinning technique. The structure, phase purity and crystallite size of all the prepared NFs were revealed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The NFs crystallized in the 3̄ (no.

Low diversity and abundance of predatory fishes in a peripheral coral reef ecosystem.

Semi-enclosed seas are often associated with elevated local threats and distinct biogeographic patterns among marine fishes, but our understanding of how fish assemblage dynamics vary in relation to relatively small semi-enclosed seas (e.g., the Gulf of Aqaba) remains limited.

Site selective gold(i)-catalysed benzylic C-H amination an intermolecular hydride transfer to triazolinediones.

Triazolinediones are known as highly reactive dienophiles that can also act as electrophilic amination reagents towards enolisable C-H bonds (ionic pathway) or weak C-H bonds (free radical pathway). Here, we report that this C-H amination reactivity can be significantly extended and enhanced gold(i)-catalysis. Under mild conditions, several alkyl-substituted aryls successfully undergo benzylic C-H aminations at room temperature.

Bifunctional CuS/Cl-terminated greener MXene electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen production by water splitting.

Metal sulfides and 2D materials are the propitious candidates for numerous electrochemical applications, due to their superior conductivity and ample active sites. Herein, CuS nanoparticles were fabricated on 2D greener HF-free Cl-terminated MXene (TiCCl) sheets by the hydrothermal process as a proficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting. CuS/TiCCl showed an overpotential of 163 mV and a Tafel slope of 77 mV dec at 10 mA cm for the HER.

A generalized interrupted time series model for assessing complex health care interventions.

Assessing the impact of complex interventions on measurable health outcomes is a growing concern in health care and health policy. Interrupted time series (ITS) designs borrow from traditional case-crossover designs and function as quasi-experimental methodology able to retrospectively analyze the impact of an intervention. Statistical models used to analyze ITS designs primarily focus on continuous-valued outcomes.

Interspecific coral competition does not affect the symbiosis of gall crabs (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) and their scleractinian hosts.

Coral reefs accommodate a myriad of species, many of which live in association with a host organism. Decapod crustaceans make up a large part of this associated fauna on coral reefs. Among these, cryptochirid crabs are obligately associated with scleractinian corals, in which they create dwellings where they permanently reside.

Fluorescent copolymer aggregate sensor for lithium chloride.

We report a copolymeric fluorescent sensor that is selective for lithium chloride. The two constituent polymers comprise pendent triphenylethylene (TPE) moieties for aggregate induced emission (AIE) along with either strapped-calix[4]pyrrole or secondary ammonium groups that drive aggregation self-assembly upon polymer mixing. Addition of LiCl in acetonitrile disrupts the strapped-calix[4]pyrrole/secondary ammonium chloride salt host-guest crosslinks leading to disaggregation of the polymer chains and a decrease in TPE emission.

Novel observations of asexual reproduction in the carpet sea anemone, (Stichodactylidae, Actiniaria).

Merten's carpet sea anemone, Brandt, 1835, is the largest known sea anemone species in the world, regularly exceeding one meter in oral disc diameter. A tropical species from the Indo-Pacific, drapes prominently over coral reef substrates and is a common host to numerous species of clownfishes and other symbionts throughout its range, which extends from the Red Sea through the Central Pacific Ocean. Long thought to reproduce via sexual reproduction only, recent genetic evidence suggests it may rarely reproduce asexually as well, although this process had never been confirmed through direct observation and the mechanism was yet to be described.

A new species of (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from the Red Sea and its phylogenetic position.

A black coral, Chimienti, is described from the Saudi Arabian coasts of the Gulf of Aqaba and north Red Sea (Neom area) using an integrated taxonomic approach. The morphological distinctiveness of the new species is confirmed by molecular analyses. The species thrives in warm and high salinity waters typical of the Red Sea at bathyal depths.

Coral bleaching due to cold stress on a central Red Sea reef flat.

Ocean warming is leading to more frequent coral bleaching events. However, cold stress can also induce bleaching in corals. Here, we report observations of a boreal winter bleaching event in January 2020 in the central Red Sea, mainly within a population of the branching coral on an offshore reef flat.

Demographic histories shape population genomics of the common coral grouper ().

Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how diversity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper ( [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude.

Parents exposed to warming produce offspring lower in weight and condition.

The parental environment can alter offspring phenotypes via the transfer of non-genetic information. Parental effects may be viewed as an extension of (within-generation) phenotypic plasticity. Smaller size, poorer physical condition, and skewed sex ratios are common responses of organisms to global warming, yet whether parental effects alleviate, exacerbate, or have no impact on these responses has not been widely tested.

A Conceptual Approach to Partitioning a Vertical Profile of Phytoplankton Biomass Into Contributions From Two Communities.

We describe an approach to partition a vertical profile of chlorophyll-a concentration into contributions from two communities of phytoplankton: one (community 1) that resides principally in the turbulent mixed-layer of the upper ocean and is observable through satellite visible radiometry; the other (community 2) residing below the mixed-layer, in a stably stratified environment, hidden from the eyes of the satellite. The approach is tuned to a time-series of profiles from a Biogeochemical-Argo float in the northern Red Sea, selected as its location transitions from a deep mixed layer in winter (characteristic of vertically well-mixed systems) to a shallow mixed layer in the summer with a deep chlorophyll-a maximum (characteristic of vertically stratified systems). The approach is extended to reproduce profiles of particle backscattering, by deriving the chlorophyll-specific backscattering coefficients of the two communities and a background coefficient assumed to be dominated by non-algal particles in the region.

Hot carrier dynamics of BiTeI with large Rashba spin splitting.

We present a time-resolved ultrafast optical spectroscopy study on BiTeI, a noncentrosymmetric semiconductor with large spin-orbit splitting. By tuning the pump photon energy, hot carriers can be excited into different energy bands, and the hot carriers decay dynamics are measured. The hot carriers excited by an 1.