Direct -Azidomethylation of Thiols with -Azidomethyldisulfonimides.

A direct azidomethylation reaction at the sulfur atoms of thiols with -azidomethyldisulfonimides is presented, providing a facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of azidomethylated compounds with broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. Under optimized conditions using -azidomethyl-bis(4-trifluoromethylbenzene)sulfonimide as the azidomethyl source, various aliphatic and aromatic thiols furnish the corresponding -azidomethyl compounds in moderate to high yields. The reaction proceeds selectively at the mercapto group, even in substrates bearing polar functional groups.

Distinct interleukin-6 production in IPL and TAFRO subtypes of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by systemic inflammation and lymphadenopathy. Two major clinical subtypes, idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (iMCD-IPL) and iMCD with thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, renal dysfunction/reticulin fibrosis, and organomegaly (iMCD-TAFRO), exhibit distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. While interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be elevated in iMCD, the differences in IL-6 production sources between subtypes remain unclear.

Evolutionary diversification of the autophagy initiation complex: reduced Atg101 dependency and changes in Atg9 binding to Atg13.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process through which cells degrade cytoplasmic substances via autophagosomes. During the initiation of autophagosome formation, the ULK/Atg1 complex serves as a scaffold that recruits and regulates downstream ATG/Atg proteins and ATG9/Atg9-containing vesicles. Despite the essential role of the ULK/Atg1 complex, its components have changed during evolution; the ULK complex in mammals consists of ULK1 (or ULK2), RB1CC1, ATG13, and ATG101, whereas the Atg1 complex in the yeast lacks Atg101 but instead has Atg29 and Atg31 along with Atg17.

Age-related differences in donor selection priorities for allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation.

Patient age might influence donor selection priorities in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT), due to the differences in donor age, organ function, and resistance to graft-versus-host disease between younger and older patients. We compared the transplant outcomes among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donors (M-RDs, n=4,106), HLA 1-antigen-mismatched related donors (1MM-RDs, n=592), HLA 2-3-antigen-mismatched related donors (23MM-RDs, n=882), HLA-matched unrelated donors (M-UDs, n=3,927), HLA 1-locus-mismatched unrelated donors (1MM-UDs, n=2,474), and unrelated cord blood units (U-CBs, n=5,867) between patients aged.

Molecular Plasmonic Cavities.

Graphene-based photonic structures have emerged as fertile ground for the controlled manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), providing a two-dimensional platform with low optoelectronic losses. In principle, nanostructuring graphene can enable further confinement of nanolight─enhancing light-matter interactions in the form of SPP cavity modes. In this study, we engineer nanoscale plasmonic cavities composed of self-assembled C arrays on graphene.

Development of painless thyroiditis after thyroid lobectomy in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Objective: Postoperative hypothyroidism, a complication of thyroid lobectomy, occurs frequently. Unique cases of post-lobectomy painless thyroiditis, a pathology not previously reported, were recently observed in our practice. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the frequency and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction after lobectomy, focusing on painless thyroiditis.

Digital health and Buddhist network philosophy.

Heated online communication reveals global challenges in the digital age, often fuelled by collective outrage. This article investigates how Buddhist network perspectives, paralleling digital reality, can inform mental health. Avatamsaka philosophy provides practical ways to navigate web complexities, suggesting that individual actions ripple across society.

Re-Vitrification at the Pronuclear and Blastocyst Stage of Porcine Embryos Obtained From Vitrified Immature Oocytes.

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of re-vitrification at the pronuclear (PN) stage of porcine embryos generated from vitrified oocytes on subsequent development and to clarify if re-vitrification is more feasible at the PN stage or at the blastocyst stage. Immature porcine oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage were vitrified/warmed and subjected to in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation (PA), and embryo culture. Subsequent parthenotes were either cultured without re-vitrification for 6 days (GV-vit group) or were re-vitrified 8 h after PA at the PN stage (GV-vit/PN-revit group), and after warming, cultured for 6 days.

Acyl-CoA Reductase Deficiency Impairs Ether Lipid Production and Hypomyelination in Mouse Brains.

Mammalian cell membranes contain ether lipids, which include an alkyl chain derived from a fatty alcohol that is produced by fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs). There are two mammalian FAR genes, and , and mutations in cause the peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder (PFCRD), which is accompanied by various symptoms, including neurological disorders. To date, the contributions of and to brain ether lipid production and the molecular mechanism of PFCRD have remained unknown.

Stochastic model analysis of luminescence switching in hybrid systems of CdSe/CdS quantum dots-spiropyran molecular photoswitches.

Hybrid systems (HSs) of quantum dots (QDs) and molecular photoswitches exhibit luminescence switching of QDs based on energy transfer and have garnered attention for their potential applications in sensors and optical memories. In HSs, the chemical composition, such as the number of attached ligands, is inherently distributed, posing challenges for extracting the energy transfer process from the QDs to a single acceptor molecule. The stochastic model, assuming a Poisson distribution for the number of acceptors, proves to be an effective approach for extracting the process.

AtGH3.10 and JAR1 Produce 12-Hydroxyjasmonoyl-l-isoleucine from 12-Hydroxyjasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Jasmonates are plant hormones that regulate plant defense and development. 7-iso-Jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a representative active jasmonate which is biosynthesized from 7-iso-jasmonic acid (JA) by the jasmonoyl-amido synthases JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1) and AtGH3.10 in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Enzyme-Click Postsynthetic Modification of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic HO Production.

Postsynthetic modification (PSM) is a powerful strategy for tailoring the structure and functionality of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). In this work, we present a novel enzymatic PSM strategy for functional group engineering within COFs. By taking advantage of enzymatic catalysis, 2-hydroxyethylthio (-S-EtOH) and ethylthio (-S-Et) groups were covalently implanted within the COF pore channels with high grafting efficiency under ambient aqueous conditions, highlighting the mild, efficient, and ecofriendly nature of this approach.

Generalized Taylor dispersion of chiral microswimmers.

Transport phenomena of microswimmers in fluid flows play a crucial role in various biological processes, including bioconvection and cell sorting. In this article, we investigate the dispersion behaviour of chiral microswimmers in a simple shear flow using the generalized Taylor dispersion theory, inspired by biased locomotion of bacterial rheotaxis swimmers. We thus focused on the influence of shear-induced torque effects due to particle chirality, employing an extended Jeffery equation for individual deterministic dynamics.

Physics of microbial taxis and behaviours in response to various physical stimuli.

The physical environment exerts a profound influence on microbial life. The directional movement of cells in response to their physical environment is understood as taxis, which has been studied in biology as chemotaxis, phototaxis, gravitaxis and so forth. These taxis are induced by physiological, physical or both factors.

Species-specific surface dwell times and accumulation of microbes investigated by holographic microscopy.

Microscopic swimmers, such as bacteria and archaea, are paradigmatic examples of active matter systems. The study of these systems has given rise to novel concepts such as rectification of bacterial swimmers, in which microstructures can passively separate swimmers from non-swimming, inert particles. Many bacteria and archaea swim using rotary molecular motors to drive helical propellers called flagella or archaella.

Delirium derived from dementia with Lewy bodies in the cancer perioperative period: a case report.

Background: Delirium derived from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and the risk of drug hypersensitivity derived from DLB is not well recognized in oncology. To avoid severe side effects caused by antipsychotics, these risks need to be carefully considered by health care providers involved in cancer treatment. The objective of this study is to report the presence of DLB-derived delirium, which is often mixed with ordinary delirium, and its associated hidden risk in cancer treatment.

Emerging Perspectives on Gonadotropin Regulation in Vertebrates Revealed by the Discovery of FSH-RH in Teleosts.

Vertebrate gonadal function is regulated by pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones are considered to be regulated by hypothalamic factor(s). Since the discovery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in mammals, which stimulates the secretion of both FSH and LH, GnRH had been believed to be the sole gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vertebrates for more than 5 decades.

Effects of Tafamidis Meglumine on Transient Focal Neurological Episodes and Meningeal Contrast Enhancement in Hereditary Transthyretin-Related Meningeal Amyloidosis: Report of Two Patients Carrying the c.265T>C (p.Y89H) Variant.

Background: Y69H (p.Y89H) variant hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis causes meningeal amyloidosis, with mutant TTR deposits localized to the leptomeninges and vitreous body.

Methods: The effect of tafamidis meglumine on neurological disorders, such as the frequency of transient focal neurological episodes (TFNEs), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and TTR levels in cerebrospinal fluid, was investigated in two patients diagnosed with Y69H ATTRv mutation.

A cross-scale analysis for the determinants of bonding dynamics on the distributions of rolling velocities of cells in microvessels.

The interplay between subcellular adhesion dynamics and cellular-scale deformations under shear flow drives key physiological and pathological processes. While both bond kinetics and fluid-cell interactions have been extensively studied in rolling adhesion, how bond characteristics quantitatively determine cellular velocity distributions remains unclear. In this study, we systematically investigate how force-free bond kinetics and intrinsic mechanical properties govern rolling adhesion dynamics, using macroscopic velocity distributions as a reference.

Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients Undergoing Salvage Endoscopic Therapy for cT1N0M0 Local Failure After Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Salvage endoscopic therapy is increasingly recommended for localized, superficial failure at the primary site after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors associated with overall survival in patients who underwent salvage endoscopic therapy for cT1N0M0 local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with cT1N0M0 local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy who underwent endoscopic resection or photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium at two Japanese institutions between 2012 and 2021.

Minimally invasive surgical approaches for pneumothorax: evolution and current perspectives.

Introduction: PubMed was used for a literature search (1990-2025) on the minimally invasive surgical approaches for pneumothorax, which have evolved markedly, with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) emerging as a preferred procedure. Systematic reviews of randomized control trials indicate that VATS is less invasive than traditional thoracotomy. Furthermore, uniportal VATS provides less postoperative pain and better cosmetic outcomes than thoracotomy.

Outcomes of Fluoroscopy-Based Asymmetric Underexpansion With the Self-Expanding ACURATE Neo and Neo2 Valve.

Background: Asymmetric underexpansion of transcatheter heart valves (THVs), as observed on fluoroscopy, may influence prosthesis function or long-term durability of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stent frame asymmetry on hemodynamic performance and clinical outcomes in ACURATE neo and neo2 THVs.

Methods: In a retrospective registry, the TAVI asymmetry index was defined as the ratio of the THV stent frame diameter.

Exploring Organ-Specific Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Improvements Following Bariatric Surgery in Youth With Obesity.

Objective: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) promotes significant metabolic improvements, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to metabolic improvements post VSG, such as improved fatty liver disease or adipose tissue function; however, it is unclear how different organ-specific sEVs interact with various metabolic parameters. The objective of this study is to establish the role of organ-specific sEVs in the metabolic improvements post VSG.