The inhibitory effect of mometasone and nortriptyline on the production of proinflammatory cytokines by blood mononuclear cells of patients with allergic rhinitis under conditions of stimulated immune response.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa; it develops when the immune system reacts to an allergen. Side effects of topical glucocorticosteroids (GCS) used for AR treatment, the development of steroid resistance in patients and the continuing increase in morbidity explain the clear need to search for new approaches for AR treatment. The tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in a number of experimental studies, as well as its ability to complement the action of corticosteroids.

Immunopathological syndromes: state of the art.

The review of the current state of knowledge on local and systemic immunopathological reactions of cellular and humoral origin, as well as the ways of their interaction, is considered in this article. This study aimed to organize, standardize, and conceptualize existing knowledge about immunopathological syndromes associated with innate immunity. It highlights syndromes linked to type I, II, and III hypersensitivity reactions, while also separately examining manifestations related to immunosuppression disorders.

Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women After COVID-19: Features of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Narrative Review).

Tuberculosis remains a serious infectious disease that causes over 1.3 million deaths annually. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of tuberculosis has increased to 10.

BCG vaccination: historical role, modern applications, and future perspectives in tuberculosis and beyond.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a fatal disease primarily transmitted through airborne droplets, with children who are the most susceptible, particularly in the areas with poor tuberculosis control. The BCG vaccine, developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, has a history spanning a century. This vaccine has been implemented in numerous countries, significantly reducing child mortality in regions heavily affected by TB.

Phosphorus-Derived Isatin Hydrazones: Synthesis, Structure, Thromboelastography, Antiplatelet, and Anticoagulation Activity Evaluation.

A series of new isatin hydrazones bearing phosphorus-containing moiety was synthesized through a simple, high-yield and easy work-up reaction of phosphine oxide (Phosenazide) or phosphinate (2-chloroethyl (4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)phosphinate, CAPAH) hydrazides with aryl-substituted isatins. The P NMR technique showed that, in most cases, out of 12 examples in solution, the ratio of the two spatial isomers varied from 1:1 to 1:3. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed the predominance of form both in the gas phase and in solution.

Parameters Linked With Higher Itch Severity in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria-Chronic Urticaria Registry Results.

Background: Itch is the most bothersome symptom in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and severely affects quality of life.

Objective: To analyze factors associated with itch severity, and how itch is associated with quality of life and health care use in CSU.

Methods: We retrieved patient data from the Chronic Urticaria Registry.

Immunological Disorders: Gradations and the Current Approach in Laboratory Diagnostics.

Currently, understanding the immune response, its abnormalities, and its diagnostic possibilities is a key point in the management of patients with various diseases, from infectious to oncological ones. The aim of this review was to analyze the data presented in the current literature on immune disorders and the possibility of their laboratory diagnostics in combination with clinical manifestations. We have performed a systematic analysis of the literature presented in international databases over the last ten years.

The Role of Immune Markers in Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.

The literature review presents data from a limited number of available studies conducted over the last two decades on immunological deficiency in congenital heart defects (CHDs), which is the cause of frequent infectious complications before and after cardiac surgery. Several studies based on screenings at various levels indicate the presence of primary and secondary immunodeficiency in CHDs, in particular about 13 genetic syndromes in which CHD is combined with immunodeficiency. The available data suggests a greater severity of immunological disorders in patients with critical CHDs, cyanotic CHDs, and conotruncal defects with T-cell dysfunction and deficiency of immunoglobulins (especially the IgG class, mainly IgG4) than in patients with shunts and obstructive defects.

Impact of Minimally Manipulated Cell Therapy on Immune Responses in Radiation-Induced Skin Wound Healing.

The current treatment of radiation-induced skin wounds utilizes mainly conventional therapies, including topical steroids, creams, ointments, and hydrogel dressings, which do not take into account the immunologic changes that occur in the skin after radiation exposure. Therefore, it is relevant to consider alternative therapies and their impact on changes in the immune landscape of the skin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allogeneic minimally manipulated keratinocytes and fibroblasts on rat skin repair and the development of immune responses.

Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix Obstacles for CAR-T Cell Therapy: Approaches to Overcoming.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy yields good results in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors has proven to be limited, primarily because the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) creates an intractable barrier for the cytotoxic CAR-T cells that are supposed to kill cancer cells. This review unravels the multifaceted role of the tumor-associated ECM in impeding CAR-T cell infiltration, survival, and functions within solid tumors.

Immune-neuroendocrine reactivity and features of tuberculosis in pregnancy.

The combination of tuberculosis and pregnancy always raises questions about therapy, the specialness of management of pregnancy, obstetrics, postpartum period, and lactation; the effect of therapy on fetal development and the peculiarities of the tuberculosis course. Until recently, tuberculosis and pregnancy were considered a rare combination, but with the growing problem of HIV infection and worsening tuberculosis screening among adults, this combination has become quite common. Moreover, cases of congenital tuberculosis in newborns have begun to emerge.

A Novel Pot-Economy Approach to the Synthesis of Triantennary GalNAc-Oligonucleotide.

N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is an efficient and multifunctional delivery tool in the development and synthesis of chemically modified oligonucleotide therapeutics (conjugates). Such therapeutics demonstrate improved potency in vivo due to the selective and efficient delivery to hepatocytes in the liver via receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is what drives the high interest in this molecule. The ways to synthesize such structures are relatively new and have not been optimized in terms of the yields and stages both in lab and large-scale synthesis.

Autoimmune Diseases and Molecular Mimicry in Tuberculosis.

Unlabelled: Comorbidities in tuberculosis patients are increasing annually. Autoimmune pathology may influence the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the molecular mimicry between (Mtb) and human autoantigens is an important provocative factor in the development of autoimmunity on one hand.

Use of a Personalized Clinical Decision Support System for Dosing in Psychopharmacotherapy in Patients with Alcoholic Hallucinosis Based on Pharmacogenomic Markers.

Introduction: Alcoholic hallucinosis (AH) is one of the severe complications of chronic alcoholism, characterized by psychotic symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and delusions. Haloperidol is widely used to treat AH; however, its therapy is often complicated by side effects. A personalized approach using pharmacogenetic testing (particularly the CYP2D6 polymorphism) allows individualization of haloperidol dosage, improving both safety and efficacy of therapy.

[Issues of treatment and prevention of recurrent inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract: An immunologist's view. A review].

Often ill people are, first of all, patients with recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT). They put a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. The leading etiological factors of recurrent inflammatory diseases of URT, in addition to pathogenic bacterial microflora, are viral agents (viruses of the viral respiratory infections group, herpes viruses).

The PreS-Based Recombinant Vaccine VVX001 Induces Hepatitis B Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in a Low-Responder to HBsAg-Based HBV Vaccines.

Approximately 10-20% of subjects vaccinated with HBsAg-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are non-responders. BM32 is a recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine containing the HBV-derived preS surface antigen as an immunological carrier protein. PreS includes the binding site of HBV to its receptor on hepatocytes.

Differential decline of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels, innate and adaptive immune cells, and shift of Th1/inflammatory to Th2 serum cytokine levels long after first COVID-19.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a pandemic and contributes to long-lasting morbidity. Several studies have investigated immediate cellular and humoral immune responses during acute infection. However, little is known about long-term effects of COVID-19 on the immune system.

Disease burden, clinical management and unmet treatment need of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis; consensus statements, insights and practices from CERTADE (Central/Eastern EU, Russia, Turkiye AD Experts) Delphi panel.

Background: There is limited insight into the current disease burden and everyday clinical management of moderate-to- severe AD in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Turkiye. Therefore, this study aimed to get information-driven insights regarding the current disease burden and clinical management of patients with moderate-to-severe AD with common and differentiating aspects of the patient journey and establish a consensus.

Methods: In this modified 2-round Delphi panel, 133 questions were asked in total to 27 dermatologists.

Heterogenous Induction of Blocking Antibodies against Ragweed Allergen Molecules by Allergen Extract-Based Immunotherapy Vaccines.

Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for ragweed allergy is still based on natural allergen extracts. This study aimed to analyse the ability of four commercially available AIT vaccines (CLUSTOID, TYRO-SIT, POLLINEX Quattro Plus and Diater Depot) regarding their ability to induce IgG antibodies against ragweed pollen allergens in rabbits. Accordingly, the IgG reactivity of AIT-induced rabbit sera was tested for ten different ragweed pollen allergens (Amb a 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) by an ELISA.

Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Amb a 6 Is a Source-Specific Important Allergenic Molecule in Ragweed Pollen.

Pollen from common ragweed is an important allergen source worldwide and especially in western and southern Romania. More than 100 million patients suffer from symptoms of respiratory allergy (e.g.

Bronchial Asthma and COVID-19: Etiology, Pathological Triggers, and Therapeutic Considerations.

Bronchial asthma (BA) continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose. Various factors have been described in the development of BA, but to date, there is no clear evidence for the etiology of this chronic disease. The emergence of COVID-19 has contributed to the pandemic course of asthma and immunologic features.

Are Endomyocardial Ventricular Biopsies Useful for Assessing Myocardial Fibrosis?

Myocardial fibrosis is an important factor in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still no universal lifetime method of myocardial fibrosis assessment that has a high prognostic significance. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of ventricular endomyocardial biopsies for the assessment of myocardial fibrosis and to identify the severity of myocardial fibrosis in different cardiovascular diseases.

Insect Cell-Expressed Major Ragweed Allergen Amb a 1.01 Exhibits Similar Allergenic Properties to Its Natural Counterpart from Common Ragweed Pollen.

Common ragweed pollen allergy has become a health burden worldwide. One of the major allergens in ragweed allergy is Amb a 1, which is responsible for over 90% of the IgE response in ragweed-allergic patients. The major allergen isoform Amb a 1.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis with upadacitinib: adcare single center experience.

Introduction: The role of upadacitinib in the management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis seems promising, but more data on its efficacy and safety are needed. This study endeavors to assess the practical impact and safety of upadacitinib in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, focusing on analyzing patient responses to the treatment.