The role of metabolic disorders in the development of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial activation, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification) triggering vasoconstriction and activation of inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on the various stages in the development of atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture.

The role of NETosis in enhancing of atherosclerosis.

Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), complex structures composed of extracellular genetic material and proteins sourced from the nucleus, granules, and cytoplasm in response to pathogenic inflammatory conditions. These NETs play a crucial role in the host's innate immune defense against invasive infections. Notably, in conditions like atherosclerosis, these extracellular formations can also be elicited by inflammatory stimuli such as lipids, prothrombotic factors, platelet aggregation, or proinflammatory cytokines.

Non-rodent Models of Atherosclerosis: Repurposing of Existing Drugs and Search for Novel Treatment Strategies.

Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide. The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process involving oxidative stress, surplus lipid deposition and retention, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Developing novel anti-atherogenic and repurposing existing drugs requires the use of suitable animal models to characterise the fundamental mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis initiation and progression and to evaluate potential therapeutic effects.

Biological Medicines Prepared Using Vibration Processing Are Able to Influence Their Targets Without Direct Contact With Them.

Recently, there has been a radical change in understanding of the nature of drugs based on highly diluted solutions. It has been established that their activity does not depend on the content of the original substance in dilutions, but is a consequence of the technological processing (TP) of dilutions with vibration, which accompanies each dilution during the preparation of solutions and, among others, leads to the formation of nanoparticles with certain properties. Repeated vibration treatment leads to the appearance of modifying activity that is absent in the original substance, and these effects of TP solutions can be exerted without direct contact with their targets, which clearly indicates the physical nature of the TP solution's activity.

Antibodies to Glutamate Reduce the IL-6 Content in Cerebral Structures in Mice with Age-Related Memory Impairment.

Intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate for 14 days improved passive avoidance conditioning and reduces the content of IL-6 within 7 days after their withdrawal in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aging C57BL/6 mice.

Application of High-Resolution Infrared Thermography to Study the Effects of Technologically Processed Antibodies on the Near-Surface Layer of Aqueous Solutions.

A new class of biologics is obtained using the technologically processed of antibodies (TPA), which are used as the initial substance, and their dilution at each stage is accompanied by a controlled external vibrational (mechanical) treatment. This article focuses on the development and validation of a novel technique that can be applied for assessing the identity of TPA-based drugs. It has previously been found that after such treatment, the resulting solution either acquired new properties that were not present in the initial substance or a quantitative change in properties compared to the initial substance was observed.

Editorial to the Special Issue "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of CVD: Focus on Atherosclerosis".

The current Special Issue, "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of CVD: Focus on Atherosclerosis", is dedicated to exploring the various mechanisms involved in atherogenesis [...

Foam Cells: The Origin of Formation and Target for Plant-derived Bioactive Compounds.

Foam cells play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, a condition marked by the development and growth of plaques that narrow blood vessel lumens. This narrowing can prevent normal blood flow and, in severe cases, lead to plaque rupture and blood clot formation, which can cause stroke or myocardial infarction. The origin of foam cells is diverse, arising from monocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, stem/progenitor cells, and dendritic and endothelial cells.

Features of Gene Regulation in Violation of the Inflammatory Response of Monocyte-like Cells Bearing Mitochondrial Mutations Associated with Atherosclerosis.

Unlabelled: Аims: This research aimed to study the features of gene regulation of the inflammatory response in cells carrying mitochondrial mutations associated with atherosclerosis.

Background: Inflammation plays an important, if not decisive, role in the occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions and then accompanies it throughout its further development. Thus, atherogenesis is a chronic inflammatory process.

Intimal Macrovascular Pericytes: Their Role in Vascular Biology and Atherogenesis.

Atherosclerosis remains a major challenge to global healthcare despite decades of research and constant trials of novel therapeutic approaches. One feature that makes atherosclerosis treatment so elusive is an insufficient understanding of its origins and the early stages of the pathological process, which limits our means of effective prevention of the disease. Macrovascular pericytes are cells with distinct shapes that are located in the arterial wall of larger vessels and are in many aspects similar to microvascular pericytes that maintain the functionality of small vessels and capillaries.

The Effect of Bariatric Surgery on PAI-1 Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on circulating PAI-1. The meta-analysis was provided by comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) V4 software. Meta-analysis of 33 studies showed a significant decrease in circulating PAI-1 after bariatric surgery (p < 0.

Age Specifics of Homeostasis Response to Cold Stress in Wistar Rats: Endurance Improvement or Disorganization?

Cold exposure, especially in combination with exercise, is a common procedure to fortify the body. However, its effects in old age are poorly understood. Using the homeostasis stability coefficient as an indicator, the body response to a 20-min swim in cold water was for the first time studied comprehensively in old and young Wistar rats.

Analysis of Mutational Burden of Mitochondrial Genome in Cells of Different Human Organs and Tissues.

Background: Cells of different human organs and tissues contain different numbers of mitochondria. In these organelles, there are different copies of the mitochondrial genome, which is characteristic of a certain organ or tissue.

Objective: The aim of the investigation was to analyze the results of scientific works dedicated to the analysis of heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial genome mutations in a number of organs and tissues.

Age-related features of lung cancer treatment using reprogrammed CD8 positive T cells in mice subjected to injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells.

Background: Awareness of age-related features of carcinogenesis and the importance of cellular immunity is crucial for developing effective antitumor therapies for specific patient groups.

Methods: In this study, we examined different populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in "young" (8-10 weeks) and "aged" (80-82 weeks) C57BL/6 male mice. We used an orthotopic model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) to evaluate the effectiveness of cell therapy targeting lung cancer through reprogrammed CD8-positive T cells (rCD8+ T cells) in mice from two different ages.

Use of Olives-derived Phytochemicals for Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: An Update.

Mediterranean diet is frequently associated with longevity and a lower incidence of adverse cardiovascular events because of the biological activities and health effects of olives - its key component. Olive oil, olive leaf extract, fruits and different by-products contain many bioactive components that exert anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. In this review, we focus on the recent studies exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective properties of different olive oils, olive leave extracts, and specific micro-constituents (such as oleuropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and others) on rodent models and in clinical trials on human subjects.

Advancements in curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticle delivery systems: progressive strategies in cancer therapy.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden with little impact especially on aggressive types of cancer. Conventional therapies have many serious side effects including generalised systemic toxicity which limits their long-term use. Tumour resistance and recurrence is another main problem associated with conventional therapy.

Molecular Periphery Design Allows Control of the New Nitrofurans Antimicrobial Selectivity.

A series of 13 new 3-substituted 5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles was synthesized from different aminonitriles. All compounds were screened in the disc diffusion test at a 100 μg/mL concentration to determine the bacterial growth inhibition zone presence and diameter, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the most active compounds by serial dilution. The compounds showed antibacterial activity against ESKAPE bacteria, predominantly suppressing the growth of 5 species out of the panel.

Experimental Modeling of Cranial Injury and Defect Reconstruction Using Superconstructive Polymers (PEEK).

Experimental model of resection craniotomy with subsequent reconstruction of the defect with a polymer implant enables comprehensive assessment of functional and ultrastructural changes during replacement of the damaged tissue. Reconstruction of a skull defect was accompanied by transient motor disturbance in the acute period and did not cause functional disorders and neurological deficits in a delayed period. Histological examination of osteal and brain tissue revealed no pathological reactions that could be associated with the response to the chemical components of the implant.