Reducibility, adsorption energies, surface acidity - fundamental material properties for fast oxygen exchange.

Oxygen exchange on mixed conducting oxide surfaces and how to modulate its kinetics has been in the focus of research for decades. Recent studies have shown that surface modifications can be used to tune the high temperature oxygen exchange kinetics of a single material systematically over several orders of magnitude, shifting the focus of research from bulk descriptors to a material's outermost surface. Herein, we aim to unify bulk and surface perspectives and derive general design principles for fast oxygen exchange based on three fundamental material properties: oxide reducibility, adsorption energetics, and surface acidity.