Supercritical Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds in (L.) Schott.

This is a comparative metabolomic study of the medicinal plant (L.) Schott from the family Herter (or Mett. ex Frank) growing under cold pole conditions in the Oymyakon region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Lipid Profile of Mayr in Adaptation to Natural Conditions in the Cryolithozone.

The prevalence of coniferous trees in the forest landscapes of northeastern Siberia is conditioned by their high frost resistance. The Kajander larch ( Mayr), which can survive under natural conditions (down to -60 °C) in the cryolithozone of Yakutia, is the dominant forest-forming species. We hypothesise that our study using HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD, TLC-GC/FID, and GC-MS methods of seasonal features of the lipid profile of Kajander larch tissues will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms of participation of lipid components in the adaptation of this valuable tree species to the cold climate of the cryolithozone.

Metabolomic Profile and Functional State of Oat Plants ( L.) Sown under Low-Temperature Conditions in the Cryolithozone.

Oats are one of the most useful and widespread cereal crops in the world. In permafrost conditions (Central Yakutia), based on metabolic changes in late summer-sown oat plants ( L.), the key processes involved in the cold acclimation of a valuable cereal species were identified.

Inferring phylogenetic structure, taxa hybridization, and divergence times within rock voles of subgenus (Cricetidae: ) using quaddRAD sequencing and a dataset.

The subgenus belongs to the genus (Central Asian mountain vole) and consists of two species: and Phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus remain obscure due to limited sampling, an insufficient number of molecular markers used in phylogenetic studies, and paraphyly observed on mitochondrial trees. In this work, to infer reliable phylogenetic relationships and evaluate putative scenarios of ancient hybridization within the subgenus, we applied double-digest restriction site-associated DNA paired-end (quaddRAD) sequencing to 20 DNA samples (20 individuals), including five species of the genus , and dated the divergence of cytochrome b () lineages within using a "second calibration" approach. We showed monophyly of the two species on the basis of thousands of nuclear loci and demonstrated traces of introgression also in the nuclear genome.

Genome-environment association analyses reveal geographically restricted adaptive divergence across the range of the widespread Eurasian carnivore (Linnaeus, 1758).

Local adaptations to the environment are an important aspect of the diversity of a species and their discovery, description and quantification has important implications for the fields of taxonomy, evolutionary and conservation biology. In this study, we scan genomes from several populations across the distributional range of the Eurasian lynx, with the objective of finding genomic windows under positive selection which may underlie local adaptations to different environments. A total of 394 genomic windows are found to be associated to local environmental conditions, and they are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, behaviour, synaptic organization and neural development.

High genetic diversity of G10 in northeastern Asia: is it the region of origin?

consists of 4 genotypes: G6, G7, G8 and G10. While the first 2 predominantly infect domestic animals, the latter are sylvatic in nature involving mainly wolves and cervids as hosts and can be found in the northern temperate to Arctic latitudes. This circumstance makes the acquisition of sample material difficult, and little information is known about their genetic structure.

The High-Low Arctic boundary: How is it determined and where is it located?

Geobotanical subdivision of landcover is a baseline for many studies. The High-Low Arctic boundary is considered to be of fundamental natural importance. The wide application of different delimitation schemes in various ecological studies and climatic scenarios raises the following questions: (i) What are the common criteria to define the High and Low Arctic? (ii) Could human impact significantly change the distribution of the delimitation criteria? (iii) Is the widely accepted temperature criterion still relevant given ongoing climate change? and (iv) Could we locate the High-Low Arctic boundary by mapping these criteria derived from modern open remote sensing and climatic data? Researchers rely on common criteria for geobotanical delimitation of the Arctic.

Climate warming enhances chemical weathering in permafrost-dominated eastern Siberia.

Understanding the impacts of climate warming on hydrogeochemical processes, particularly in areas dominated by permafrost, is crucial. However, the natural background levels of chemical components in eastern Siberian rivers from permafrost-dominated regions and their responses to climate warming have not been adequately quantified. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by using a comprehensive river water chemistry database (n = 1264) spanning from 1940 to 2019.

Preliminary Estimation of Nutritional Quality of the Meat, Liver, and Fat of the Indigenous Yakutian Cattle Based on Their Fatty Acid Profiles.

The Yakutian cattle is an indigenous Siberian cattle breed living in an extremely cold climate in some parts of Yakutia. There are only a few thousand animals of this breed, and the conservation of the Yakutian cattle is embedded in the international agenda. We studied the fatty acid profiles in the meat, liver, and fat of the Yakutian cattle (five individuals) of different ages and their main food resource-pasture plants.

Monitoring of carbon-water fluxes at Eurasian meteorological stations using random forest and remote sensing.

Simulating the carbon-water fluxes at more widely distributed meteorological stations based on the sparsely and unevenly distributed eddy covariance flux stations is needed to accurately understand the carbon-water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. We established a new framework consisting of machine learning, determination coefficient (R), Euclidean distance, and remote sensing (RS), to simulate the daily net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and water flux (WF) of the Eurasian meteorological stations using a random forest model or/and RS. The daily NEE and WF datasets with RS-based information (NEE-RS and WF-RS) for 3774 and 4427 meteorological stations during 2002-2020 were produced, respectively.

Do epiphytic lichens negatively impact their hosts through allelopathy? The effect of Evernia esorediosa on growth and biochemical processes of Larix gmelinii.

The question of the nature of the interaction between epiphytic lichens and their host trees remains highly debated. Some authors showed cases of allelopathy, but this needs further investigation. Our study covers the effects caused by the epiphytic lichen Evernia esorediosa (Müll.

The variability of PNPLA3 gene as a potential marker of cold adaptation in Yakuts.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. It has been reported that specific variants of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene, notably SNPs rs738409 and rs2294918 are associated with high risks of liver disease. PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism is the main determinant of fatty liver and affects development and progression of NAFLD.

A new species of the genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Daphnidae) from Eastern Siberia (Russia) that combines morphological features of two species groups.

Taxa of the genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 (Cladocera: Daphniidae) are ubiquitous in temperate and tropical lakes, and the taxonomy of the genus is confused. Moreover, present keys are often regional and insufficient for the taxonomic assignment of species at a global scale. This communication is aimed at improving our understanding of the C.

Year-Round Presence of Microcystins and Toxin-Producing in the Water Column and Ice Cover of a Eutrophic Lake Located in the Continuous Permafrost Zone (Yakutia, Russia).

This study aimed to test the hypothesis of the year-round presence of toxigenic and cyanotoxins in the water and ice of the shallow eutrophic Lake Ytyk-Kyuyol located in the continuous permafrost zone. Three independent approaches-mass-spectrometry, molecular methods and light microscopy-were applied in the study. The cyanobacterial biomass ranged from 1.

Silica-scaled heterotrophic protists: Rotosphaerida, Thaumatomonadida and Centroplasthelida in Arctic waters of Russia.

Maintaining high levels of biological diversity in various ecosystems is necessary for stable functioning of the Earth's biosphere. The article describes diversity and ecology of heterotrophic siliceous protists - rotosphaerids, colourless free-living thaumatomonad flagellates, and centrohelid heliozoans - in Arctic waters located of Asian Russia. Samples were collected in the mouths of the Olenyok, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma Rivers - and small freshwater ponds near Settlement of Tiksi in Yakutia.

Peschkova from Yakutia: Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 128 Chemical Compounds.

Peschkova is a rare and endangered species of the genus of the Lamiaceae family. The species was first described in 1997 and listed in the Red Data Book of Yakutia. Significant differences in the multicomponent composition of extracts from collected in the natural environment and successfully introduced in the Botanical Garden of Yakutsk were identified by a team of authors earlier in a large study.

Soil propagule banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with above the treeline in the Siberian Arctic.

Microbial symbionts are essential for plant niche expansion into novel habitats. Dormant propagules of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are thought to play an important role in seedling establishment in invasion fronts; however, propagule bank communities above the treeline are poorly understood in the Eurasian Arctic, where treelines are expected to advance under rapid climate change. To investigate the availability of EM fungal propagules, we collected 100 soil samples from Arctic tundra sites and applied bioassay experiments using as bait seedlings.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of quinones from .

Chemical investigation of the extracts obtained from the red thallus tips from resulted in the isolation of five known quinoid pigments identified by FT-IR, UV, NMR, MS methods and by comparison with literature data (skyrin (), 3-ethyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthazarin (), graciliformin (), cuculoquinone () and islandoquinone ()). An antioxidant capacity of compounds - were evaluated and compared with quercetin using a lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay and superoxide radical (SOR), nitric oxide radical (NOR), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Compounds and were far more active: they demonstrated the antioxidant capacity in various test assays with the IC values 5-409 µM comparable to the flavonoid quercetin.

Role of Lipids of the Evergreen Shrub in Adaptation to Low Temperature in the Cryolithozone.

Lipids are the fundamental components of cell membranes and they play a significant role in their integrity and fluidity. The alteration in lipid composition of membranes has been reported to be a major response to abiotic environmental stresses. Seasonal dynamics of membrane lipids in the shoots of J.

Comparative Studies of Karyotypes in the Cervidae Family.

The family Cervidae is the second most diverse family in the infraorder Pecora and is characterized by a striking variability in the diploid chromosome numbers among species, ranging from 6 to 70. Chromosomal rearrangements in Cervidae have been studied in detail by chromosome painting. There are many comparative cytogenetic data for both subfamilies (Cervinae and Capreolinae) based on homologies with chromosomes of cattle and Chinese muntjac.

A database of water chemistry in eastern Siberian rivers.

Permafrost degradation leads to considerable changes in river ecosystems. The Eastern Siberian River Chemistry (ESRC) database was constructed to create a spatially extensive river chemistry database to assess climate warming-induced changes in freshwater systems in permafrost-dominated eastern Siberia. The database includes 9487 major ion (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO and HCO) data of chemical results from 1434 water samples collected mainly in six large river basins in eastern Siberia spanning 1940-2019.