Clinical Evaluation of Susceptibility-weighted MR Imaging for the Detection of Intramammary Micro- and Macrocalcifications in 70 Female Patients at 1.5T.

Purpose: The ability to accurately detect and characterize intramammary micro- and macrocalcifications without ionized radiation has significant clinical implications for early breast cancer assessment. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting intramammary calcifications using 3D multi-echo gradient echo (ME-GRE) magnitude and true susceptibility-weighted images (tSWI) compared to digital mammography (DM) in patients with different breast sizes and densities of breast parenchyma at 1.5T.

Characterization of CNS Network Changes in Two Rodent Models of Chronic Pain.

Neuroimaging in rodents holds promise for advancing our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms that underlie chronic pain. Employing two established, but pathophysiologically distinct rodent models of chronic pain, the aim of the present study was to characterize chronic pain-related functional changes with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In Experiment 1, we report findings from Lewis rats 3 weeks after Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the knee joint (n = 16) compared with the controls (n = 14).

Relevance of Georg Grosz's Weimar-era drawings to promoting social justice and health equity in contemporary society.

The arts and humanities can direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions and the political and economic systems that spawn them. Most of these efforts aim to improve healthcare by promoting empathy and sensitivity among health professionals towards patients and improving clinical skills. However, less effort is devoted towards improving living and working conditions-the structural and social determinants of health-that cause illness and make managing illness difficult.

Moderate Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Evolving Evidence and Management Strategies.

Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). Although randomized clinical trials have been focused on the treatment of severe SMR, the prognostic role and potential for treatment of moderate SMR cannot be overlooked. The randomized RESHAPE-HF2 trial included patients with moderate and severe SMR with consistent findings in both groups, raising the hypothesis that transcatheter correction of moderate SMR could have beneficial effects, although this needs further investigation.

Protocol: Faecal microbiota transfer in liver cancer to overcome resistance to atezolizumab/bevacizumab - a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II trial (the FLORA trial).

Introduction: Combined vascular endothelial growth factor/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade through atezolizumab/bevacizumab (A/B) is the current standard of care in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A/B substantially improved objective response rates compared with tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib; however, a majority of patients will still not respond to A/B. Strong scientific rationale and emerging clinical data suggest that faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) may improve antitumour immune response on PD-(L)1 blockade.

Clinical, biographical and healthcare-related factors associated with accelerated health decline in persons with multimorbidity: an evidence mapping review protocol.

Introduction: Multimorbidity contributes significantly to poor population health outcomes while straining healthcare systems. Although some multimorbid patients experience an accelerated health decline (a decline in well-being or functional status that cannot be attributed to the natural ageing-related health deterioration), others can remain stable for years. Identifying risk factors for accelerated health decline in persons with multimorbidity could help prevent complications and reduce unnecessary interventions.

Autophosphorylation of conserved yeast and human casein kinase 1 isozymes regulates Elongator-dependent tRNA modifications.

Casein kinase 1 (CK1) family members are crucial for ER-Golgi trafficking, calcium signalling, DNA repair, transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications, and circadian rhythmicity. Whether and how substrate interactions and kinase autophosphorylation contribute to CK1 plasticity remains largely unknown. Here, we undertake a comprehensive phylogenetic, cellular, and molecular characterization of budding yeast CK1 Hrr25 and identify human CK1 epsilon (CK1ϵ) as its ortholog.

WarpDemuX-tRNA: barcode multiplexing for nanopore tRNA sequencing.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays an essential role in protein translation, and tRNA modifications are important to their function. Recently, nanopore direct RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) has shown promising results in the detection of complex tRNA modifications. However, its wider adoption in the tRNA field has been limited by a lack of (de)multiplexing solutions.

Deep analysis of desmoglein-3-reactive CD4 T cells in pemphigus vulgaris reveals a type 17/type 2 T cell signature.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disorder, which is caused by the loss of desmosomal cell-cell adhesion, initiated by the binding of IgG antibodies against the desmosomal components desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3. Dsg3-reactive CD4 T helper (Th) cells, in particular follicular Th (Tfh) cells, play a central role in autoantibody production by Dsg3-specific B cells. In this study, we challenged the concept that distinct Dsg3-reactive CD4 T cell subsets are critical in PV pathogenesis utilizing phenotypical and functional state-of-the-art ex vivo assays.

Daptomycin membrane activity is modulated by the localized interplay between calcium ions and phospholipids in monolayers and bilayers containing a lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol analogue.

Using the stable synthetic analogue 3-aza-dehydroxylysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (3adLPG), the putative role of native staphylococcal LPG in inhibiting the antibiotic daptomycin from binding to its target phosphatidylglycerol (PG), was investigated with respect to interfacial interactions between these lipids, daptomycin, and calcium ions. The influence of lipid monolayer/bilayer composition and interfacial ion concentrations upon the structure and integrity of model membranes were probed after daptomycin challenge using a combination of surface x-ray scattering techniques and fluorescence assays. In models representing the membrane composition of the daptomycin susceptible phenotype consisting of PG/3adLPG in a 7:3 M ratio, calcium ions drive the formation of two separate phases; Ca cross-linked PG/PG pairs and PG/3adLPG ion pairs.

International Multicentre Study on the Treatment of Infrarenal Penetrating Aortic Ulcers.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate treatment indications, compare therapeutic approaches, and assess outcomes in patients with infrarenal penetrating aortic ulcers (iPAUs).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, observational study of patients with iPAUs treated between January 2018 and December 2022 across 12 European centres. Treatment strategies included open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular techniques, including balloon expandable stent grafts (BESGs), covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB), and endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) using bifurcated or tube grafts.

Neural foundations of creativity: A voxel-based meta-analysis of the activations and deactivations underlying creativity across linguistic, musical, and visual domains.

The neuroscience of creativity has proposed that shared and domain-specific brain mechanisms underlie creative thinking. However, greater nuance is needed in characterizing these mechanisms, and limited neuroimaging analyses, especially regarding the relationship between the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) and other linguistic tasks, have so far prevented a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of creativity. This paper offers to fill these gaps with a closer examination of the contributions of the specific domains and the deactivations associated with creativity.

PROGESTERONE ATTENUATES THE EFFECTS OF COCAINE ON HYPERMOBILITY AND DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS.

Currently there is no pharmacological treatment for cocaine use disorder. Previous studies have shown that progesterone can mitigate the behavioral effects induced by cocaine in both animal models and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms through which progesterone exerts this effect remain poorly understood.

Effect of 3-hydroxisobutyrate in vivo administration on cardiometabolic disease in ApoE-/- mouse model.

The valine catabolite 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) is suggested to mediate the uptake of extracellular fatty acids into the cells, thus regulating intracellular lipid metabolism, although the direct mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term 3-HIB treatment on the development and progression of complex atherosclerotic lesions, lipid metabolism and liver injury in vivo in ApoE-/- mouse model fed Western Diet (WD). Results show that 3-HIB treatment is associated with a significant reduction in weight and serum lipid content, reduced aortic mean plaque area and improvement of liver functions.

Modelling challenges to unlock the power of phototrophic systems for wastewater valorization.

Phototrophic microorganisms are gaining prominence for their dual role in wastewater treatment and resource recovery, converting wastewater into valuable bioproducts. However, their effective deployment needs robust modelling frameworks capable of predicting performance across complex, real-world scenarios. Despite significant advances, key challenges hinder the development and application of such models.

Supplementary Material for Projected Global Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): The Cost of Inaction Based on Data from Nine Countries.

Background And Aim: Although the clinical burden of MASH is well known, its economic burden is less well described. We estimated MASH's economic burden in several regions of the world including the US, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and United Kingdom (UK), Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil over the next two decades.

Methods: A one-year cycle Markov model projected MASH progression from 2021 to 2040, incorporating 2020 prevalent cases and annual incident cases (2021-2040).

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.

Intraoperative radiotherapy for resectable brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy X-rays is emerging as an alternative to postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of the resection cavity in patients with resectable brain metastases (BMs).

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases, including all original articles on IORT for resectable BMs from 2015 to 2025. Data on safety, local control, and survival outcomes were collected.

Blood transcriptomic analysis reveals a distinct molecular subtype of treatment resistant depression compared to non-treatment resistant depression.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe condition characterized by chronic and recurrent depressive symptoms, leading to significant morbidity and a considerable socio-economic impact. Genetic and biological studies suggest that TRD is associated with distinct biological characteristics. In this study, we analysed whole-transcriptome differences in 293 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to compare TRD (N = 150) vs non-TRD (N = 143) cases.

Impaired social fear extinction in chronically stressed mice: Impact on inflammatory brain markers and the contribution of oxytocin.

Chronic psychosocial stress is a frequent burden in modern societies and risk factor for numerous somatic and affective disorders, including social anxiety disorder (SAD). Traumatic experiences after prolonged periods of stress exposure often trigger these diseases. Although human and animal studies support the hypothesis of an over-reactive immune system being critically involved in the pathogenesis of psychopathologies, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.