Fixed point method for PET reconstruction with learned plug-and-play regularization.

Deep learning has shown great promise for improving medical image reconstruction, including PET. However, concerns remain about the stability and robustness of these methods, especially when trained on limited data. This work aims to explore the use of the Plug-and-Play (PnP) framework in PET reconstruction to address these concerns.

Bi-allelic deleterious variants in SNAPIN, which encodes a retrograde dynein adaptor, cause a prenatal-onset neurodevelopmental disorder.

Fetal brain anomalies identified by prenatal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging represent a considerable healthcare burden with ∼1-2/1,000 live births. To identify the underlying etiology, trio prenatal exome sequencing or genome sequencing (ES/GS) has emerged as a comprehensive diagnostic paradigm with a reported diagnostic rate up to ∼32%. Here, we report five unrelated families with six affected individuals that presented neuroanatomical, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies, all harboring rare, bi-allelic deleterious variants in SNAPIN, which encodes SNARE-associated protein.

The Arp2/3 complex maintains gut epithelial integrity under mechanical challenge.

Epithelia are specialized and selective tissue barriers that separate the organism's interior from the external environment. Among adult tissues, the gut epithelium must withstand microbial and biochemical insults but also mechanical stresses imposed by luminal contents and gastrointestinal motility. In addition, the continuous renewal of the intestinal epithelium creates tension that must be withstood by cell-cell junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton to preserve barrier integrity.

A potent NLRP3 inhibitor effective against both MCC950-sensitive and -resistant inflammation.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome detects a broad spectrum of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), initiating inflammatory responses through caspase-1 activation and interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-18 release. Dysregulated NLRP3 activation is implicated in a range of diseases, including infectious diseases, autoinflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, we identify ZAP-180013 as a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 through high-throughput chemical screening.

Multi-modal image analysis for large-scale cancer tissue studies within IMMUcan.

In cancer research, multiplexed imaging allows detailed characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its link to patient prognosis. The integrated immunoprofiling of large adaptive cancer patient cohorts (IMMUcan) consortium collects multi-modal imaging data from thousands of patients with cancer to perform broad molecular and cellular spatial profiling. Here, we describe and compare two workflows for multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) developed within IMMUcan to enable the generation of standardized data for cancer tissue analysis.

Bronchiectasis in France: data on disease characteristics in 630 patients from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC).

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of adults with bronchiectasis in France.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the characteristics of adults (≥18 years) with clinically-significant bronchiectasis, diagnosed on a combination of respiratory symptoms and CT scan findings, and followed in 18 participating centers. Data on, etiology, lung function, symptoms, microbiology, treatments and quality of life were collected.

Pneumococcal colonization rates in children and adults in two developing countries: A prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of lower respiratory infections, especially in children under 5 years old. While pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced disease burden in many countries, data from low- and middle-income countries are still limited. The objective of this prospective, hospital-based, cross -sectional study was to measure the prevalence of pneumococcal colonization and identify circulating serotypes among children <5 years and their caregivers in Cambodia and India.

Occurrence of dMMR/MSI-H tumor during follow-up in Lynch syndrome patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic digestive cancer between 2015 and 2024: a retrospective analysis of a monocentric prospective cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a paradigm shift and a therapeutic revolution in the management of mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and therefore for patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). The risk of developing metachronous cancers and colorectal polyps in a population of LS patients treated with ICI(s) is not well understood.

Materials And Methods: In a single-center cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed 93 LS patients from the prospective 'ImmunoMSI' cohort, who were diagnosed with dMMR/MSI-H gastrointestinal cancer and were treated with ICIs for index metastatic gastrointestinal cancer between February 2015 and April 2024.

Optical Coherence Tomography to Better Assess Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Intervention Results: The PERFECTO Study.

Background: Angioplasty of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) was a breakthrough, but there is a lack of data concerning stent healing after these complex procedures.

Objectives: The main aim of the PERFECTO (Post-stEnting assessment of Reendothelialization with optical Frequency domain imaging aftEr CTO procedure) study is to assess, for the first time, stent strut apposition at the index CTO procedure and at 3-month follow-up using frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT).

Methods: From March 2018 to January 2020, 114 consecutive patients who underwent successful CTO recanalization >20 mm in length were prospectively included in 7 centers.

Are olfactory stimuli able to induce emotional responses in a positive context in ewes?

The perception of olfactory stimuli can influence animal emotions and behaviours, which are critical for survival and adaptation. This study explored the properties of three olfactory stimuli (orange essential oil, wolf faeces, and cadaverine) to induce emotion in sheep, in a non-stressful environment enriched with social and food resources. Contrary to expectations, wolf faeces, while repellent, did not trigger overt stress behaviours such as increased vocalisations or agitation.

Subcutaneous enucleation of the radial neck in a Monteggia-like fracture: an exceptional variant.

Introduction And Importance: Monteggia lesions combine a fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head. Monteggia-like variants add a radial head fracture. We report a unique Monteggia-like injury with a bifocal radial fracture and subcutaneous enucleation of the radial neck, which does not fit existing classifications.

Trends in cell collection and apheresis practices: Insights from a cross-sectional study on the use of Spectra Optia in collection and transplant centers.

Background: This study, conducted among collection and transplant centers in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (USA), aimed to better understand current trends, challenges, and future directions in cell collection and apheresis practices, focusing on the Spectra Optia™ Apheresis System.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2023 among facilities using the Spectra Optia™ Apheresis System, which could also be using other comparable cell collection technologies, with expertise in cell collection and therapeutics. Respondents completed an online questionnaire.

EndoChat: Grounded multimodal large language model for endoscopic surgery.

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated their immense potential in computer-aided diagnosis and decision-making. In the context of robotic-assisted surgery, MLLMs can serve as effective tools for surgical training and guidance. However, there is still a deficiency of MLLMs specialized for surgical scene understanding in endoscopic procedures.

Dual modification of arrowroot starch: Interaction effects of heat-moisture treatment and ozone treatment on structure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility.

Arrowroot starch has been modified using ozone, heat-moisture treatment (HMT), and their sequential combinations. Both treatments increase solubility, water absorption capacity (WAC), and adhesiveness, while reducing pasting viscosities. Ozone treatment also enhances brightness, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and freeze-thaw stability (0.

Triaminophenaziniums as emerging theranostic agents showing light controlled imaging, cell death and siRNA delivery properties.

In the field of theranostics, triaminophenaziniums are promising molecules due to their intrinsic properties such as an absorbance beyond 500 nm associated with large molar extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, as well as phototoxicity. This study explored how three triaminophenazinium salts relate in structure and activity, highlighting their potential as theranostic agents. The nature of the moiety in position 2 of the dyes was varied from H, to -CH or -Bu.

Alexithymia, mental health, and painkiller use among healthcare professionals.

Background: The frequency of alexithymia among healthcare professionals is poorly understood. However, alexithymia is a construct of interest in health psychology due to its numerous negative associations with mental health.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to estimate the frequency of alexithymia among healthcare professionals in intensive care units and emergency services and to identify the relationship between alexithymia, coping strategies, mental health and painkiller consumption.

Impact of a Home-Based Remote Patient Monitoring System on Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits of Older Adults With Polypathology: Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Every year in France, 40% of people aged ≥80 years are hospitalized, with an average length of hospital stay of 25 days and a readmission rate of 14% to 30% within the month following discharge. This situation is putting pressure on the health care system, encouraging the reinforcement of home care to reduce avoidable hospitalization. The EPOCA remote patient monitoring (RPM) system is a medical and social telehealth solution specialized in RPM, teleconsultation, tele-expertise, and care coordination in emergency medicine and geriatrics.

Health Inequity in People with Cystic Fibrosis: Can We Close the Gap?

Background Although advances in care have improved cystic fibrosis (CF) outcomes in higher-income countries (HICs), the situation remains alarming in lower-income countries (LICs). Methods People with CF (pwCF) enrolled in the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry (ECFSPR) and carrying at least one F508del variant allele were evaluated in 2017 and in 2022 for predicted percent forced expiratory volume (ppFEV1), underweight status, and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection, according to the gross national income (GNI) per capita divided into three terciles (low-income countries, LICs; middle-income countries, MICs; and high-income countries, HICs). Survival was evaluated in the periods 2013-2017 and 2018-2022.

Mechanotransduction mechanisms in human erythrocytes: Fundamental physiology and clinical significance.

The hallmarks of mechanosensitive ion channels have been observed for half a century in various cell lines, although their mechanisms and molecular identities remained unknown until recently. Identification of the bona fide mammalian mechanosensory Piezo channels resulted in an explosion of research exploring the translation of mechanical cues into biochemical signals and dynamic cell morphology responses. One of the Piezo isoforms - Piezo1 - is integral in the erythrocyte (red blood cell; RBC) membrane.

Participant Satisfaction, Effectiveness, and Safety With a Novel Dual-Applicator Cryolipolysis System: A Prospective, Multicountry Study.

Background: Cryolipolysis is an effective, well-tolerated noninvasive subcutaneous fat reduction treatment.

Objective: Assess participant satisfaction, effectiveness, and safety of a dual-applicator cryolipolysis system that can deliver simultaneous treatments.

Materials And Methods: Adult participants received treatment to the abdomen/flanks (midsection).

Horizontal Gene Transfer and Recombination in Cyanobacteriota.

Cyanobacteria played a pivotal role in shaping Earth's early history and today are key players in many ecosystems. As versatile and ubiquitous phototrophs, they are used as models for oxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, circadian rhythms, symbiosis, and adaptations to harsh environments. Cyanobacterial genomes and metagenomes exhibit high levels of genomic diversity partly driven by gene flow within and across species.

Plant-plant interactions in wheat mixtures modulate mean and variance of susceptibility to Septoria tritici blotch.

Varietal mixtures are a promising agro-ecological approach to stabilizing yields by reducing diseases. The effects of mixtures stem from modifications of epidemiological processes and underestimated plant-plant interactions, which could explain some of the paradoxical observations made in the field. However, the role of plant-plant interactions in modifying bread wheat and durum wheat susceptibility to Septoria tritici blotch remains to be elucidated.