Evaluating the Effect of a Molecular Point-of-Care Test on Acute Respiratory Infections in General Practice: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are frequent reasons for medical consultations in general practice and can lead to unnecessary recontacts. Introducing new point-of-care (POC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic equipment may offer an attractive and efficient way of providing a more precise and exact microbial diagnosis. Successful uptake of POC PCR equipment could potentially lead to a reduction in recontacts with benefits for both staff and patients.

Seven candidate interventions to address abuse of older people.

The Abuse of Older People - Intervention Accelerator (AOP-IA) project aims to accelerate the development of effective interventions to prevent and reduce AOP aged 60 and older within the framework of the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-2030). The AOP-IA was launched in response to the global need for interventions with proven effectiveness, as few existing approaches have been rigorously evaluated. This paper focuses on the first two phases of the AOP-IA project, which involved conducting a systematic search, screening and evaluation process to identify candidate interventions ready to be rigorously evaluated in future stages of the project, as well as establishing a network of intervention developers.

Personalized Interactive Music Systems for Physical Activity and Exercise: Exploratory Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Personalized Interactive Music Systems (PIMSs) are emerging as promising devices for enhancing physical activity and exercise outcomes. By leveraging real-time data and adaptive technologies, PIMSs align musical features, such as tempo and genre, with users' physical activity patterns, including frequency and intensity, enhancing their overall experience.

Objective: This exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of PIMSs across physical, psychophysical, and affective domains.

Oxygenation Targets and Long-Term Cognitive and Pulmonary Functions in Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

Rationale: In intensive care unit (ICU) patients lower oxygenation targets may impair long-term cognitive function, while higher targets may impair long-term pulmonary function.

Objectives: To assess the effects of a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO) target of 60 vs 90 mmHg on one-year cognitive and pulmonary functions in ICU survivors of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Methods: 3654 patients were randomized in the Handling Oxygenation Targets in the ICU and the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 trials: 1916 (52.

Wild bats hunt insects faster under lit conditions by integrating acoustic and visual information.

Animals can improve their decision-making abilities by integrating information from multiple senses, which is especially beneficial when living in fluctuating environments. However, understanding how wild predators may use multimodal sensing when hunting prey in split-second interactions remains largely unexplored. As nocturnal hunters, bats rely on echolocation to navigate and to locate evasive prey, yet they have retained functional vision, despite the associated costs.

Circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure are not related to gut leakage or gut dysbiosis.

Background: The gut microbiota produces numerous metabolites that can enter the circulation and exert effects outside the gut. Several studies have reported altered gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) compared to healthy controls. Limited data is available on the interplay between dysbiotic features of the gut microbiota and altered circulating metabolites in HF patients.

Superior health-related physical fitness and well-being in 12-15-year-old Danish adolescents who are active in organized leisure-time sports - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Global reports indicate that less than 20% of 11-17-year-olds meet physical activity recommendations, and while organized sports participation increases the likelihood of meeting these guidelines, no other studies were found that examined the impact on well-being and physical fitness outcomes among Danish adolescents based on participation in leisure time sports.

Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design, assessing cardiorespiratory fitness, fat percentage, and well-being, as well as several other health and fitness outcomes among 1,333 Danish adolescents (50% girls). Differences between participants in organized sports and non-participants, as well as between participants in different sport categories were assessed through ANCOVA analysis.

Earmarking donations to boost study participation? Evidence from a field experiment.

Charitable donations are often the most suitable available way to incentivize study participation, yet their optimal design remains unclear. In a preregistered field experiment, we invited 6,711 psychology faculty at top-200 universities to complete a survey in exchange for a US $5 donation to test whether allowing prospective participants to earmark the donation for a specific purpose increases study participation. Contrary to preregistered hypotheses derived from previous literature, the results showed no significant increase in study participation rates when participants could earmark their donation compared to a random allocation of funds.

Fixed-Duration Epcoritamab Plus R2 Drives Favorable Outcomes in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma.

Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody approved as monotherapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). We evaluated fixed-duration epcoritamab with rituximab plus lenalidomide (R2) in R/R FL in arm 2 of EPCORE® NHL-2 (phase 1b/2; NCT04663347). Patients received epcoritamab (2 step-up doses, then 48-mg full doses) for up to 2 years and R2 for up to 12 cycles (28 days/cycle).

Exploring the Self-Care Experiences of Adults With Heart Failure in Australia: A Qualitative Study.

Heart failure is a complex, progressive syndrome with significant impacts on quality of life and daily functioning. This study aimed to understand the self-care experiences of community-dwelling adults with heart failure in Australia while also portraying the context and impact of these experiences on participants. We focused on patients' accounts of self-care, irrespective of their alignment with existing definitions or guidelines.

Assessing validity and costs of virtual diagnostics for sleep disorders: A feasibility study.

IntroductionThe use of digital solutions including patient-reported outcomes is limited to follow-up of patients with established diagnoses but is rarely used as first step of the diagnostic process substituting a personal contact with a health professional. We report on the diagnostic validity and cost per patient implications based on a feasibility study of a new virtual diagnostic service (VDS) for common neurological sleep disorders that, as a first step, involves the collection and automated analysis of self-reported digital patient data.MethodsThe VDS was established at the Odense University Hospital, Denmark.

Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Imatinib Perform Poorly on TDM Data from Pediatric Patients.

Background: Population pharmacokinetic models can potentially provide suggestions for an initial dose and the magnitude of dose adjustment during therapeutic drug monitoring procedures of imatinib. Several population pharmacokinetic models for imatinib have been developed over the last two decades. However, their predictive performance is still unknown when extrapolated to different populations, especially children.

Can immunotherapy prevent the progression of airway disease?

Purpose Of Review: The potential of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to prevent allergic airway disease progression are demonstrated. Though not all patients benefit equally, there is limited research on which patients may benefit most.In this article, we focus on factors that may influence the risk of progression and their influence on the preventive effects of AIT, and whether some patients may benefit more than others may.

Increased Plasma ST2 Levels Precede the Development of Severe Acute GvHD and Chronic GvHD After Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: The suppressor of tumorigenesis 2 (ST2) has emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting mortality of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) when measured at the onset of symptoms, but detailed time course studies are needed to understand the potential of ST2 as a risk marker of both aGvHD and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), potentially allowing pre-emptive adjustment of immunosuppressive treatment.

Procedure: We measured ST2 levels in 117 children undergoing standard hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before conditioning and at regular intervals post-HSCT.

Results: ST2 levels were significantly increased from Day +7 in patients developing aGvHD of any grade (no GvHD: 23.

Transportation Noise and Cardiovascular Health: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Policy Imperatives.

Environmental noise, particularly from road, rail, and aircraft traffic, is now firmly recognized as a widespread risk factor for cardiovascular disease. About 1 in 3 Europeans is exposed to chronic noise exposure above the guideline thresholds recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), thus contributing substantially to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Robust evidence from recent meta-analyses links transportation noise to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A Subsystem Perspective on Vibrational Coupled Cluster Response Theory.

Based on a theoretical analysis of systems composed of subsystems described using a coupled cluster parametrization, we developed a vibrational coupled cluster embedding theory specifically tailored for the computation of response properties. This work identifies several strategies for calculating excitation energies, transition probabilities, and other response functions in large systems of interacting subsystems. A particularly effective embedding approach was formulated around a Lagrangian with multilinear interaction terms, yielding a structure that is nonlinear in both coupled cluster amplitudes and multipliers.

Oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation on long-term dialysis: A network meta-analysis of 137,574 patients.

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with end-stage renal failure on renal replacement therapy are at high risk of stroke and bleeding, but the optimal oral anticoagulation (OAC) strategy is uncertain. To investigate the most effective OAC therapy for patients with AF on long-term dialysis.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to 9 October 2024 to identify relevant studies on OAC strategy for patients with AF on long-term dialysis.

Better growth outcomes in GH-deficient children treated younger than 2 years of age.

Background: Limited data are available on the growth response to growth hormone (GH) treatment of very young children with GH deficiency (GHD). In the present analysis, we compared clinical outcomes after GH treatment in children with GHD aged <2 and ≥2 years at the start of GH treatment.

Methods: We analysed pooled data from two observational studies of paediatric patients who received Norditropin® treatment: NordiNet® IOS (NCT00960128) and the ANSWER Program (NCT01009905).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in women with conisation.

Rationale: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, caused by persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types. While HPV infections usually resolve spontaneously, persistent infections with high-risk HPV types can progress to premalignant glandular or - mostly - squamous intraepithelial lesions, usually classified in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Women with CIN 2 and CIN 3 (i.

Subjective smell- and taste loss in diabetes-A questionnaire-based study on 47 011 individuals with diabetes and matched controls.

Background: Taste and smell disorders are more common in individuals with diabetes, particularly among those with low insulin sensitivity or central obesity. These disorders may affect glycaemic control by altering dietary habits. This study aimed to investigate self-reported taste and smell dysfunction in individuals with diabetes and explore associations with clinical and behavioural factors.

Declining incidence of hypoglycaemia in diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis: A nationwide cohort study from 2003 to 2022.

Aims: Population-based studies have consistently shown that individuals with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis (pancreatic diabetes) have a high risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to investigate whether this risk has declined over recent years following the introduction of modern glucose-lowering medications.

Materials And Methods: In this Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, we included all adults with new-onset diabetes between 1998 and 2022 and classified them as having pancreatic diabetes, type 1, or type 2 diabetes.

Brexpiprazole in the Management of Schizophrenia: A Consensus Report of Best Practices From Acute to Maintenance Treatment.

Brexpiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic with multiple indications, including the treatment of schizophrenia. As a partial dopamine agonist, brexpiprazole differs from most other antipsychotics, yet uncertainties about its full mechanism of action have led to some ambiguity among prescribers. To address this gap, an international panel of psychiatric experts was organized and convened with funding from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Europe Ltd and H.

Simulations of the response of supported 2D materials to ion irradiation with explicit account for the atomic structure of the substrate.

Ion irradiation has routinely been used to create defects or even pattern two-dimensional (2D) materials. For efficient defect engineering, that is, choosing the proper ion fluence to achieve the desired concentration of defects, it is of paramount importance to know the probability of creating defects as a function of ion energy. Atomistic simulations of ion impacts on 2D targets can provide such information, especially for free-standing systems, but in the case of supported 2D materials, the substrate can strongly affect defect production.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Precision of Dental Implant Impressions and the Marginal Fit of Crowns Using Conventional and Digital Methods: A Clinical Study.

Background Accurate impressions are essential for the long-term success of implant-supported restorations. Both conventional and digital techniques are routinely used in clinical implantology, each with its own advantages and limitations. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the precision of digital and conventional implant impressions and compare the marginal fit of crowns obtained from digital impressions and those obtained from conventional impressions.