Electrically switchable ON-OFF spin-orbit torque in an ionic-gated metallic trilayer.

With the advancement of magnetization-based spintronic applications, there has been considerable interest in spin-orbit torque as an electric technique to dynamically manipulate magnetization. In this study, gate-induced ON-OFF switchable spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co/Pt spin-orbit device using the ionic gating technique is reported. By canceling the spin currents from Pt layers, the OFF state is attained in Pt/Co/Pt spin-orbit device.

Tunable Polariton Rabi Oscillation in Phase-Changing Perovskite Microcavities.

Exciton-polaritons are composite quasiparticles hybridized between excitons and photons, which are very promising to develop quantum information devices such as entangled photon pair sources and polariton qubit devices by utilizing the fascinating properties of strong nonlinearity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and superfluidity. Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have attracted much interest in cavity quantum electrodynamics due to their excellent excitonic properties, including strong exciton binding energy and high oscillation strength. Here, tunable Rabi oscillation of exciton-polaritons in the lead halide perovskite microcavity is demonstrated, which experiences a phase transition between orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases by varying the temperature.

Validating the Virtual Calendering Process With 3D-Reconstructed Composite Electrode: An Optimization Framework for Electrode Design.

Calendering is an essential fabrication step for lithium-ion battery electrodes, aimed at achieving the target density through mechanical compression. During this process, the electrode's microstructure significantly deforms, affecting its electrochemical performance. Therefore, it is important to understand how the microstructure evolves during calendering and correlate these changes with electrochemical behavior.

Selective regulation of corticostriatal synapses by astrocytic phagocytosis.

In the adult brain, neural circuit homeostasis depends on the constant turnover of synapses via astrocytic phagocytosis mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether this process occurs in a circuit-specific manner. Here, we reveal that astrocytes target and eliminate specific type of excitatory synapses in the striatum.

The impact of increasing Zr dopant concentration in Ruddlesden Popper perovskite to enhance Resistive Random-Access Memory performance: Using the DFT method.

As Resistive Random- Access memory (RRAM) emerges as a promising solution for high-performance memory application, this study applies density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the structural, electronic, and optical properties of pure and Zr-doped MgHfO at various doping concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.

Engram and behavior: How memory is stored in the brain.

During the processing of information in humans, activated neurons behave in a specific way. The activity of these neurons leaves traces on the neurons, such as changes in synaptic or intrinsic properties. Formation of the memory traces is associated with molecular changes in the neurons.

Novel Solution-Processed FeO/WS Hybrid Nanocomposite Dynamic Memristor for Advanced Power Efficiency in Neuromorphic Computing.

Non-volatile memory (NVM) based neuromorphic computing, which is inspired by the human brain, is a compelling paradigm in regard to building energy-efficient computing hardware that is tailored for artificial intelligence. However, the current state of the art NVMs are facing challenges with low operating voltages, energy efficiencies, and high densities in order to meet the new computing system beyond Moore's law. It is therefore necessary to develop novel hybrid materials with controlled compositional dynamics is crucial for initiating memristor devices capable of low-power operations.

Development and validation of a multi-stage self-supervised learning model for optical coherence tomography image classification.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel multi-stage self-supervised learning model tailored for the accurate classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in ophthalmology reducing reliance on costly labeled datasets while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy.

Materials And Methods: A private dataset of 2719 OCT images from 493 patients was employed, along with 3 public datasets comprising 84 484 images from 4686 patients, 3231 images from 45 patients, and 572 images. Extensive internal, external, and clinical validation were performed to assess model performance.

Systematic Analysis of Driving Modes and NiFe Layer Thickness in Planar Hall Magnetoresistance Sensors.

Planar Hall magnetoresistance (PHMR) sensors are widely utilized due to their high sensitivity, simple structure, and cost-effectiveness. However, their performance is influenced by both the driving mode and the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer, yet the combined effects of these factors remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically investigates the impact of NiFe thickness (5-35 nm) on PHMR sensor performance under constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes, with a focus on optimizing the peak-to-peak voltage (V).

Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease Brains.

Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use, is known to support human health, particularly by influencing brain function. Recent studies have identified gintonin, a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand derived from ginseng, as a key bioactive. However, the specific LPA receptor subtypes targeted by gintonin in the human brain to exert its anti-Alzheimer's (AD) effects remain unclear.

Structural Analysis of Cerebral Organoids Using Confocal Microscopy and Transmission/Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Cerebral organoid cultures from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are widely used to study complex human brain development; however, there is still limited ultrastructural information regarding the development. In this study, we examined the structural details of cerebral organoids using various microscopy techniques. Two protocols were chosen as representative methods for the development of brain organoids: the classic whole-cerebral organoid (Whole-CO) culture technique, and the air-liquid interface-cerebral organoid (ALI-CO) culture technique.

Utility of hypervariable region in hepatitis E virus for genetic evolution analysis and epidemiological studies.

Clinical and experimental studies have advanced our understanding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection; however, translating the findings to improve prevention and clinical outcomes remains challenging. Phylogenetic analyses of HEV show inconsistencies due to variations in the nucleotide regions studied. This study examined specific HEV regions to facilitate comprehensive molecular and phylogenetic analyses by examining the complete genome and commonly studied partial genome regions.

Surface-Driven Particle Dynamics: Sequential Synchronization of Colloidal Flow Attempted in a Static Fluidic Environment.

The collective behavior of colloids in microsystems is characterized by precise micro-object control, broadening the applications of cargo manipulation in drug delivery, microfluidics, and nanotechnology. To further investigate this potential, we introduce a cargo-manipulating platform that utilizes micromagnetic patterns and fluid flow rather than conventional fluidic components. This platform, called the flowless micropump, comprises an encapsulating fluid system within a chip, containing both actuation particles (2.

Zn(ii)-driven impact of monomeric transthyretin on amyloid-β amyloidogenesis.

Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the co-localization and interaction of proteins and metal ions with Aβ in extracellular milieu are established, their precise pathological associations remain unclear. Here we report the impact of Zn(ii) on the anti-amyloidogenic properties of monomeric transthyretin (M-TTR), which coexists spatially with Aβ and Zn(ii) in extracellular fluids.

Ultrafast and Universal Synthetic Route for Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides Directly Grown on Substrates.

Nanostructured transition metal oxides (NTMOs) have consistently piqued scientific interest for several decades due to their remarkable versatility across various fields. More recently, they have gained significant attention as materials employed for energy storage/harvesting devices as well as electronic devices. However, mass production of high-quality NTMOs in a well-controlled manner still remains challenging.

Crystal structure of AlPCl.

The crystal structure of aluminium phospho-rus chloride (systematic name: phospho-rus tetra-chloride tetra-chloridoa-luminate), (PCl)[AlCl] or AlPCl, was determined and refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group . The asymmetric unit comprises one Al atom, one P atom, and five Cl atoms.

Synergistic Hybrid-Ligand Passivation of Perovskite Quantum Dots: Suppressing Reduced-Dimensionality and Enhancing Optoelectronic Performance.

In terms of surface passivation for realizing efficient CsPbI-perovskite quantum dot (CsPbI-PQD)-based optoelectronic devices, phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) is widely used during the ligand exchange. However, the PEA cation, due to its large ionic radius incompatible with the 3D perovskite framework, acts as an organic spacer within polycrystalline perovskites, leading to the formation of reduced dimensional perovskites (RDPs). Despite sharing the identical 3D perovskite framework, the influence of PEAI on the structure of CsPbI-PQDs remains unexplored.

ECoGScope: An integrated platform for real-time Electrophysiology and fluorescence imaging.

In this study, we present ECoGScope, a versatile neural interface platform designed to integrate multiple functions for advancing neural network research. ECoGScope combines an electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode array with a commercial microendoscope, enabling simultaneous recording of ECoG signals and fluorescence imaging. The electrode array, constructed from highly flexible and transparent polymers, ensures conformal contact with the brain surface, allowing unobstructed optical monitoring of neural activity alongside electrophysiological recordings.

Neuromodulatory effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on cue reactivity and craving in young adults with internet gaming disorder: an event-related potential study.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cue reactivity and craving for game-related cues using event-related potentials (ERPs) in internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients.

Methods: At baseline, a series of game-related and neutral pictures were shown to both IGD and healthy controls (HCs) while ERPs were recorded. Late positive potentials (LPP) were used to investigate cue reactivity.

Pro-cognitive restoration of experience-dependent parvalbumin inhibitory neuron plasticity in neurodevelopmental disorders.

The hippocampus forms memories of our experiences by registering processed sensory information in coactive populations of excitatory principal cells or ensembles. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV INs) in the dentate gyrus (DG)-CA3/CA2 circuit contribute to memory encoding by exerting precise temporal control of excitatory principal cell activity through mossy fiber-dependent feed-forward inhibition. PV INs respond to input-specific information by coordinating changes in their intrinsic excitability, input-output synaptic-connectivity, synaptic-physiology and synaptic-plasticity, referred to here as experience-dependent PV IN plasticity, to influence hippocampal functions.

Immortalization of epidural fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and adipocyte differentiation potential.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy due to their self-renewal capability, multilineage differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects. The molecular characteristics of MSCs are influenced by their location. Recently, epidural fat (EF) and EF-derived MSCs (EF-MSCs) have garnered attention due to their potential benefits to the spinal microenvironment and their high expression of neural SC markers.

Blue photoluminescence from active carboxyl adatoms on nanoporous anodic alumina films.

Nanoporous anodic alumina (nPAA) films formed on aluminum in lower aliphatic carboxylic acids exhibit blue self-coloring and characteristic properties such as photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence, and electron spin resonance. The blue colors are seemingly originated from the adsorbed radicals incorporating into the oxide during the aluminum anodization. However, there is lack of reports revealing the detailed activation mechanism of the adatoms in the complexes.

BCL6 coordinates muscle mass homeostasis with nutritional states.

Nutritional status is a determining factor for growth during development and homeostatic maintenance in adulthood. In the context of muscle, growth hormone (GH) coordinates growth with nutritional status; however, the detailed mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) maintains muscle mass by sustaining GH action.

An Overview of Flame-Retardant Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Future Applications.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant attention for ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the applications of TENG devices expand, their safety and reliability becomes priority, particularly where there is risk of fire or spontaneous combustion. Flame-retardant materials can be employed to address these safety concerns without compromising the performance and efficiency of TENGs.

Study of High Performance Nanoscale Channel Length Vertical Transistors with a Self-Aligned Blocking Layer.

A transistor design employing all vertically stacked components has attracted considerable attention due to the simplicity of the fabrication process and the high conductivity easily realized by achieving nanolevel short channel lengths with two-dimensional current paths. However, fundamental issues, specifically the blocking of the gate electrical field to the semiconductive channel layer and high leakage current at the "off" state, have impeded this configuration in becoming a major transistor design. To address these issues, it has been proposed to introduce a blocking layer (BL) with embedded hole structures and source electrode with embedded hole structures, enhancing gate field penetration and carrier modulation.