Osteoporosis screening and major osteoporotic fracture prediction by cranial computed tomography-derived Hounsfield units: a multi-center study on opportunistic osteoporosis screening.

Background: The incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fragility fractures is increasing due to demographic changes. Therefore, early diagnosis is desirable in order to preserve bone health and prevent low-trauma fractures. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis by frequently performed computed tomography scans could offer a potential solution.

Early Pregnancy in Times of Climate Change: First-Trimester Heat Exposure Is Associated With Reduction in Fetal Crown-Rump Length in the 12th/13th Week of Gestation-A Retrospective Study From Vienna, Austria.

Objectives: This study focused on the association between fetal crown-rump length (CRL) in the 12th/13th gestational week and the number of 1st trimester heat days to assess the impact of rising temperature on intrauterine growth in early pregnancy.

Methods: This single-center medical record-based study comprises 10 085 singleton live births (n = 5228; n = 4857) taking place in Vienna, Austria between 2011 and 2019. The sonographic determination of CRL took place routinely during the 12th or 13th gestational week.

Antibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes characterize hemodialysis patients protected from cardiovascular events.

Background: Despite the high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients on hemodialysis (HD), some appear protected from CVD-associated mortality and survive long-term on HD. The immune system can recognize oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) and create antibodies with pro- or antithrombotic properties. This study aimed to elucidate the role of natural antibodies against OSEs in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and their association with cardiovascular outcomes.

The risk of femoral fracture is increased in patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack-a population-based observational secondary analysis of the Austrian stroke cohort.

Background: An increased risk of femoral fractures after ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) has been shown previously. However, it remains unclear whether the ischemic cerebral event is directly associated with the risk of femoral fractures.

Aims: The aim of this study was (1) to assess the association between the frequency of femoral fractures in patient with IS and TIA, and (2) to compare the risk of femoral fractures to the Austrian general population.

Clinical Characterization and Long-Term Outcome in Children and Adults With Anti-AMPA Receptor Encephalitis.

Background And Objectives: Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (anti-AMPAR) encephalitis manifests as limbic encephalitis in adults and is often associated with cancer. Although some reports suggest that it may occur in children, the clinical features in this population, as well as the prognostic factors and long-term outcomes in children and adults, are unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, international collaborative study of patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis.

Something old something new-introduction to the ninth edition TNM classification of lung cancer.

The TNM classification system is fundamental for describing the anatomical extent of lung cancer, encompassing the primary tumor (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastases (M). It is crucial for patient stratification, treatment planning, and survival prognosis. Clinical staging (cTNM) relies on imaging and physical exams, while pathological staging (pTNM) uses surgical specimens.

Burden of disease and seasonal data of children hospitalized due to RSV and Influenza infection before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unlabelled: We sought to assess the burden of disease of RSV and influenza in hospitalized children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its preventive measures in the winter seasons from 2019/2020 to 2023/2024. We compared both diseases by means of a retrospective, single-center study from October 1, 2019, to April 30, 2024, including infants and children up to 18 years hospitalized due to an RSV and/or influenza infection at Clinic Donaustadt, Vienna. Infection had to be proven by polymerase chain reaction or antigen test.

Use of Lu prostate-specific membrane antigen therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer : Joint statement of the Austrian Society of Nuclear Medicine and Theranostics and the Austrian Society of Urology and Andrology.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men. Over the past decades, the incidence has risen in all age groups. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based theranostics, which involve the use of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications, have become integral in the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Incidence, characteristics, and consequences of fractures after acute ischemic stroke and TIA-A prospective cohort study.

Background: Recent advances in acute stroke therapy improved short-term outcome, but some of this benefit may be lost due to post-stroke complications, including fractures.

Aims: We assessed the incidence of fractures before and after stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), the risk factors for fractures, and the consequences for mortality, functional outcome, and quality of life.

Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA from the prospective STROKE-CARD Registry and the randomized controlled STROKE-CARD trial and its long-term follow-up were analyzed.

Delaying Motherhood-An Increasingly Common but Risky Trend in High-Income Countries.

Objectives: Maternal age at first birth is increasing in most high-income countries. The associations between advanced maternal age and perinatal complications, as well as newborn parameters, were analyzed using a dataset of 6831 singleton births among first-time mothers taking place in Vienna, Austria, between 2010 and 2019.

Methods: In this single-center medical records-based retrospective study, the following obstetrical parameters have been included: conception mode, preterm birth (< 37th gestational week), labor induction, planned or emergency cesarean sections, adverse child presentation, newborn size, and Apgar scores.

Fertility Outcomes in Risdiplam-Treated Male Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Multicenter Case Series.

Introduction: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic, progressive neuromuscular disease caused by pathogenic variants in the survival of motor neuron survival of motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene leading to a deficiency in SMN protein. Three disease-modifying therapies are available for the treatment of SMA, affording many with the opportunity for family planning. Fertility outcomes in patients with SMA treated with risdiplam have not been previously reported.

Conservative treatment of knee arthrofibrosis according to a cellular cytokine-based model : A retrospective pilot evaluation.

Background: Arthrofibrosis (AF) is a relatively frequent complication after knee surgery, leading to painful limitation of joint mobility. Currently, intense stretching is performed in many patients, without improvements in mobility. A novel concept, established on a cellular, cytokine-based model, advocates to consider the warning function of pain and to terminate forced joint mobilization to disrupt the cycle of arthrofibrosis.

Therapeutic Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)-Is There Something Between PPI and Fundoplication? An Overview.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects millions globally, with traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and surgical fundoplication presenting challenges such as long-term medication dependency and disturbing long term side effects following surgery. This review explores emerging, alternative therapies that offer less invasive, personalized alternatives for GERD management. Endoscopic approaches, including Stretta therapy, transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), and endoscopic full-thickness plication (EFTP), demonstrate promising but also controversial outcomes in symptom relief and reduced acid exposure.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Its Implications on Real-Time Hemodynamic Regulation, Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity, and Survival.

Impairment in autonomic activity is a prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF), and its involvement has been suggested in cardiovascular complications of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). This prospective observational study aims to investigate the implications of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on hemodynamic regulation and autonomic activity in chronic HF patients. Chronic HF patients, providing confirmation of reduced ejection fraction (≤35%), underwent polysomnography, real-time hemodynamic, heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) assessments using the Task Force Monitor.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Lung: Survival, Radiologic Findings, PD-L1, and Driver Mutations.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung (ASC) is a rare non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype combining components of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). Data on ASC, particularly in Caucasian populations, are limited. We reviewed clinicopathological and radiological characteristics of ASC patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2023.

Telomere Length Is Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD), are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. A shortening in telomere length, as a parameter for accelerated vascular aging, is an established biomarker for CVD in the general population. We aimed to elucidate the role of telomere length in ESKD patient on HD and its association with cardiovascular outcomes.

Negative pressure wound therapy for extensive soft tissue defects of the lower extremity in a teenager: A case study.

Key Clinical Message: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) aided in the management of complex soft tissue injury in a 14-year-old girl by managing moisture, reducing oedema, and stimulating wound granulation less than 2 months after the accident and prepared the skin for skin grafting, thus successfully saving the limb.

Abstract: This case study describes the use of a tubular bandage encompassing the whole limb to deliver successful NPWT in the treatment and reconstruction of extensive soft tissue damage extending from the right lower extremity to the hip in a 14-year-old female.

TOLLIP and MUC5B modulate the effect of ambient NO on respiratory symptoms in infancy.

Background: Current knowledge suggests that the gene region containing MUC5B and TOLLIP plays a role in airway defence and airway inflammation, and hence respiratory disease. It is also known that exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to respiratory disease. We aimed to study whether the effect of air pollutants on the immune response and respiratory symptoms in infants may be modified by polymorphisms in MUC5B and TOLLIP genes.

Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standards for diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) of meningiomas using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor ligands: version 1.0.

Purpose: To provide practice guideline/procedure standards for diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) of meningiomas using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands.

Methods: This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neurooncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO).

Results: Positron emission tomography (PET) using somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands can detect meningioma tissue with high sensitivity and specificity and may provide clinically relevant information beyond that obtained from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) imaging alone.

QoL during KTd or KRd induction followed by K maintenance or observation in transplant noneligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the randomized AGMT 02 study.

Understanding the impact of induction and maintenance therapy on patients' quality of life (QoL) is important for treatment selection. This study aims to compare patient-reported QoL between patients treated with KTd or KRd induction therapy and K maintenance therapy or observation. QoL was assessed using the EORTC QOL-C 30 and QOL-MY20 questionnaires in the AGMT-02 study, in which 123 patients with newly diagnosed transplant ineligible multiple myeloma were randomized to nine cycles of either KTd or KRd induction therapy, followed by 12 cycles of K maintenance therapy, or observation.