Effect of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis With Proton Pump Inhibitors vs Histamine-2 Receptor Blockers on In-Hospital Mortality Among ICU Patients Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: The PEPTIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs) are often prescribed for patients as stress ulcer prophylaxis drugs in the intensive care unit (ICU). The comparative effect of these drugs on mortality is unknown.

Objective: To compare in-hospital mortality rates using PPIs vs H2RBs for stress ulcer prophylaxis.

Degree of hyperglycemia independently associates with hospital mortality and length of stay in critically ill, nondiabetic patients: Results from the ANZICS CORE binational registry.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia (HG) in critically ill patients influences clinical outcomes and hospitalization costs. We aimed to describe association of HG with hospital mortality and length of stay in large scale, real-world scenario.

Materials: From The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database (APD) we included 739,152 intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during 2007-2016.

Frailty in very old critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To explore associations between frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5 or more) in very old patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and their clinical outcomes (mortality, discharge destination).

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective population cohort analysis of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database data for all patients aged 80 years or more admitted to participating ICUs between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018.

Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome: in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes: length of stay (hospital, ICU), re-admission to ICU during the same hospital admission, discharge destination (including new chronic care or nursing home admission).

How many times should a cluster randomized crossover trial cross over?

Trial planning requires making efficient yet practical design choices. In a cluster randomized crossover trial, clusters of subjects cross back and forth between implementing the control and intervention conditions over the course of the trial, with each crossover marking the start of a new period. If it is possible to set up such a trial with more crossovers, a pertinent question is whether there are efficiency gains from clusters crossing over more frequently, and if these gains are substantial enough to justify the added complexity and cost of implementing more crossovers.

Declining Mortality of Cirrhotic Variceal Bleeding Requiring Admission to Intensive Care: A Binational Cohort Study.

Objectives: We aimed to describe changes over time in admissions and outcomes, including length of stay, discharge destinations, and mortality of cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU for variceal bleeding, and to compare it to the outcomes of those with other causes of ICU admissions.

Design: Retrospective analysis of data captured prospectively in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database.

Settings: One hundred eighty-three ICUs in Australia and New Zealand.

A comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with asthma in Australia and New Zealand and United states.

: To compare the characteristics, use of invasive ventilation and outcomes of patients admitted with critical asthma syndrome (CAS) to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), and a large cohort of ICUs in the United States (US). : We examined two large databases of ICU for patients admitted with CAS in 2014 and 2015. We obtained, analyzed, and compared information on demographic and physiological characteristics, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and clinical outcome and derived predictive models.

Trauma-related admissions to intensive care units in Australia: the influence of Indigenous status on outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the admission characteristics and hospital outcomes for Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients admitted to intensive units (ICUs) after major trauma.

Design, Setting: Retrospective analysis of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database data from 92 Australian ICUs for the 6-year period, 2010-2015.

Participants: Patients older than 17 years of age admitted to public hospital ICUs with a primary diagnosis of trauma.

Characterising risk of in-hospital mortality following cardiac arrest using machine learning: A retrospective international registry study.

Background: Resuscitated cardiac arrest is associated with high mortality; however, the ability to estimate risk of adverse outcomes using existing illness severity scores is limited. Using in-hospital data available within the first 24 hours of admission, we aimed to develop more accurate models of risk prediction using both logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) techniques, with a combination of demographic, physiologic, and biochemical information.

Methods And Findings: Patient-level data were extracted from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Adult Patient Database for patients who had experienced a cardiac arrest within 24 hours prior to admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) during the period January 2006 to December 2016.

Changes in Temperature Management of Cardiac Arrest Patients Following Publication of the Target Temperature Management Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge translation after publication of the target temperature management 33°C versus 36°C after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest trial and associated patient outcomes. Our primary hypothesis was that target temperature management at 36°C was rapidly adopted in Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Secondary hypotheses were that temporal reductions in mortality would be seen and would have accelerated after publication of the target temperature management trial.

Early Hyperoxia in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to Intensive Care in Australia and New Zealand: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Early hyperoxia may be an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, although current data are inconclusive. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the association between systemic oxygenation and in-hospital mortality, in critically ill mechanically ventilated TBI patients.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database.

The Melbourne epidemic thunderstorm asthma event 2016: an investigation of environmental triggers, effect on health services, and patient risk factors.

Background: A multidisciplinary collaboration investigated the world's largest, most catastrophic epidemic thunderstorm asthma event that took place in Melbourne, Australia, on Nov 21, 2016, to inform mechanisms and preventive strategies.

Methods: Meteorological and airborne pollen data, satellite-derived vegetation index, ambulance callouts, emergency department presentations, and data on hospital admissions for Nov 21, 2016, as well as leading up to and following the event were collected between Nov 21, 2016, and March 31, 2017, and analysed. We contacted patients who presented during the epidemic thunderstorm asthma event at eight metropolitan health services (each including up to three hospitals) via telephone questionnaire to determine patient characteristics, and investigated outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.

Sample size calculations for cluster randomised crossover trials in Australian and New Zealand intensive care research.

Objective: The cluster randomised crossover (CRXO) design provides an opportunity to conduct randomised controlled trials to evaluate low risk interventions in the intensive care setting. Our aim is to provide a tutorial on how to perform a sample size calculation for a CRXO trial, focusing on the meaning of the elements required for the calculations, with application to intensive care trials.

Data Sources: We use all-cause in-hospital mortality from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database clinical registry to illustrate the sample size calculations.

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and their differential association with mortality.

Purpose: Despite the recent Sepsis-3 consensus, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria continue to be assessed and recommended. Such use implies equivalence and interchangeability of criteria. Thus, we aimed to test whether such criteria are indeed equivalent and interchangeable.