Body size and intracranial volume interact with the structure of the central nervous system: A multi-center in vivo neuroimaging study.

Clinical research emphasizes the implementation of rigorous and reproducible study designs that rely on between-group matching or controlling for sources of biological variation such as subject's sex and age. However, corrections for body size (i.e.

Adoptive JC Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Experience from Two Italian Centers.

Unlabelled: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but fatal disease caused by John Cunningham virus (JCV) in immunocompromised individuals, with no effective antiviral treatment currently available. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of adoptive JCV-specific T lymphocyte therapy in patients with PML.

Methods: Nineteen patients meeting the 2013 consensus criteria for "definite PML" were included, and JCV-specific T lymphocytes expanded from autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using JCV antigen-derived peptides were administered.

Quantitative cervical cord MRI in spinal muscular atrophy: a sensitive imaging biomarker of disease evolution and treatment.

Background: Nusinersen is an approved disease-modifying therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord (SC), leading to progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. This exploratory study investigated the potential of quantitative SC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a biomarker for monitoring treatment-related changes in pediatric and adult SMA patients treated with nusinersen at different disease stages.

Methods: Five pediatric and three adult SMA patients underwent clinical assessments, including the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), along with SC MRI at multiple time points (TPs) during nusinersen treatment.

Quantitative MRI Assessment Using Variable Echo Time Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Injury in ATTRv Amyloidosis Patients.

Background And Purpose: Early detection of peripheral nerve damage in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) has become essential for the prompt initiation of effective, recently approved therapies. In our study, we propose a new variable echo time (vTE) MRI sequence as a non-invasive method to detect nerve injury in ATTRv patients and to establish a novel potential imaging marker of neuropathy that correlates with disease severity and abnormal results of NCS.

Methods: In this cohort study, twenty patients with clinically confirmed ATTRv polyneuropathy (PNP) and twenty-one healthy volunteers underwent 3 T MRI.

Deep Anatomical Federated Network (Dafne): An Open Client-Server Framework for Continuous, Collaborative Improvement of Deep Learning-based Medical Image Segmentation.

Purpose To present and evaluate Dafne (deep anatomical federated network), a freely available decentralized, collaborative deep learning system for the semantic segmentation of radiologic images through federated incremental learning. Materials and Methods Dafne is free software with a client-server architecture. The client side is an advanced user interface that applies the deep learning models stored on the server to the user's data and allows the user to check and refine the prediction.

The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges.

The revival of psilocybin in psychopharmacological research heralds a potential paradigm shift for treating mood and anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric conditions beyond the psychotic spectrum. This critical review evaluates current evidence on psilocybin's efficacy, juxtaposing potential benefits with the practical aspects of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) and the methodological constraints of existing research.An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, selecting studies published up to December 2023 that explored the clinical use of psilocybin in mood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorder.

Muscle diffusion tensor imaging in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Muscle diffusion tensor imaging has not yet been explored in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). We assessed diffusivity parameters in FSHD subjects compared with healthy controls (HCs), with regard to their ability to precede any fat replacement or edema.

Methods: Fat fraction (FF), water T2 (wT2), mean, radial, axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) of thigh muscles were calculated in 10 FSHD subjects and 15 HCs.

Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a relatively novel nosological entity characterized by an immune-mediated damage of the central nervous system. While originally described as a paraneoplastic inflammatory phenomenon affecting limbic structures, numerous instances of non-paraneoplastic pathogenesis, as well as extra-limbic involvement, have been characterized. Given the wide spectrum of insidious clinical presentations ranging from cognitive impairment to psychiatric symptoms or seizures, it is crucial to raise awareness about this disease category.

Virtual brain simulations reveal network-specific parameters in neurodegenerative dementias.

Introduction: Neural circuit alterations lay at the core of brain physiopathology, and yet are hard to unveil in living subjects. The Virtual Brain (TVB) modeling, by exploiting structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), yields mesoscopic parameters of connectivity and synaptic transmission.

Methods: We used TVB to simulate brain networks, which are key for human brain function, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, whose connectivity and synaptic parameters remain largely unknown; we then compared them to healthy controls, to reveal novel pathological hallmarks.