Status and outlook of solid electrolyte membrane reactors for energy, chemical, and environmental applications.

Solid electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) can be operated at high temperatures with distinct reaction kinetics, or at lower temperatures (300-500 °C) for industrially relevant energy applications (such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells, direct carbon fuel cells, and metal-air batteries), chemical (such as alkane dehydrogenation, C-C coupling, and NH synthesis), environmental (De-NO , CO utilization, and separation), as well as their combined (one-step coupled CO/HO co-electrolysis and methanation reaction, power and chemical cogeneration) applications. SEMRs can efficiently integrate electrical, chemical, and thermal energy sectors, thereby circumventing thermodynamic constraints and production separation issues. They offer a promising way to achieve carbon neutrality and improve chemical manufacturing processes.