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A complex assortment of neuronal cells contributes to distinct functional circuits in the human brain. Such diversity is imposed upon pluripotent stem cells by a patterning process that begins much before the start of neurogenesis. Neural tube patterning relies on morphogens-diffusible signals that regulate transcription factor networks in progenitor cells, guiding spatial and temporal identity formation. Studying early human patterning in vivo is limited by access to embryonic tissue. Recent advances in stem cell technologies, including brain organoids, brain-on-chip systems, and assembloids, allow to explore morphogen-driven neurodevelopment. In this review, we highlight key mechanisms of neural tube patterning and how they enable insights into human brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2025.102615 | DOI Listing |
Haematologica
September 2025
University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
Not available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaematologica
September 2025
Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel.
We previously used a disease-specific B cell receptor (BCR) point mutation (IGLV3-21R110) for selective targeting of a high-risk subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Since CLL is a disease of the elderly and a significant fraction of patients is not able to physically tolerate CAR T cell treatment, we explored bispecific antibodies as an alternative for precision targeting of this tumor mutation. Heterodimeric IgG1-based antibodies consisting of a fragment crystallizable region (Fc) attached to both an anti-IGLV3-21R110 Fab and an anti-CD3 (UCHT1) single chain variable fragment (R110-bsAb) selectively killed cell lines engineered to express high levels of the neoepitope as well as primary CLL cells using healthy donor and CLL patient-derived T cells as effectors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaematologica
September 2025
Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke.
Patient age might influence donor selection priorities in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT), due to the differences in donor age, organ function, and resistance to graft-versus-host disease between younger and older patients. We compared the transplant outcomes among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donors (M-RDs, n=4,106), HLA 1-antigen-mismatched related donors (1MM-RDs, n=592), HLA 2-3-antigen-mismatched related donors (23MM-RDs, n=882), HLA-matched unrelated donors (M-UDs, n=3,927), HLA 1-locus-mismatched unrelated donors (1MM-UDs, n=2,474), and unrelated cord blood units (U-CBs, n=5,867) between patients aged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Sci
September 2025
i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
The microtubule motor dynein-2 is responsible for retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process critical for cilia assembly and cilium-dependent signaling. Mutations in genes encoding dynein-2 subunits interfere with ciliogenesis and are among the most frequent causes of skeletal ciliopathies. Despite its importance, little is known regarding dynein-2 assembly and regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver Int
October 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Acireale Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy.
Background And Aims: Gut-liver axis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), an in vitro model for studying epithelial gut dysfunction in MASLD is lacking. In this study, we aimed to characterise intestinal organoids derived from subjects with MASLD.
Materials And Methods: Intestinal organoids were obtained from duodenal samples of individuals with non-fibrotic MASLD and with MASLD-cirrhosis.