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The objective of this scoping review was to identify the validation process and the methodological characteristics of food insecurity perception scales in different parts of the world. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases, in addition to the gray literature. The pre-selection of studies took place by reading the titles and abstracts, followed by reading in full. Of the 828 studies identified, 19 were selected referring to 21 country scales: Colombia; Tanzania; Lebanon; New Zealand; U.S; Ecuador; Sir Lanka; Brazil; Guatemala; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Costa Rica; Venezuela; Mexico; Bolivia; Burkina Faso and the Philippines, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Scale (ELCSA) and the FAO. Colombia and Ecuador presented two validated scales. The scales varied in relation to the year of validation, reference time, number of questions and types of households. The validation processes involved qualitative and quantitative phases. Internal validation was performed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the Rasch model; and the external validation by association and/or correlation with socioeconomic and food consumption variables.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232025308.14692023 | DOI Listing |
BMC Med Educ
September 2025
Department of Prosthodontics, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
Background: Bridge preparation skills are a vital component of dental education and require specific techniques. This study aimed to develop and evaluate 3D printed teeth for use in defect-oriented bridge preparation and pre-prosthetic exercises in dental training, addressing the limited customization and lack of integrated workflows found in commercial typodont teeth. The null hypothesis stated that 3D printed teeth offered no advantage over established typodont training methods for bridge preparation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Safety Res
September 2025
Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.
Introduction: Occupational safety is managed by multiple stakeholders at different levels within organizations. Leveraging theory and insights from previous occupational health and safety research, this study formulated and tested hypotheses concerning the interplay between safety climates generated by a team's supervisor and coworkers, workers' individual psychological processes (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
September 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
Introduction: Relational continuity of care (RCC) refers to the sustained therapeutic relationship between a patient and a clinician, which fosters trust, enhances communication and facilitates the accumulation of knowledge about the patient. RCC is associated with enhanced patient outcomes, reduced hospital admissions, lower mortality rates, decreased healthcare costs and improved patient experience. Despite these benefits, reorganisations within the NHS and workforce challenges have led to an increased reliance on multidisciplinary and part-time working, resulting in fragmented care and a decline in RCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
September 2025
Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA. Electronic address:
The concept of optimality dominates contemporary human movement science, with researchers across biomechanics, motor control, and neuroscience routinely explaining observed behaviors as solutions that maximize or minimize objective functions. This paper critiques the pervasive application of optimality principles in human movement science. We argue that optimization frameworks mischaracterize biological systems for several reasons: (1) Evolution produces sufficient rather than optimal adaptations without foresight; (2) Biological systems serve multiple functions simultaneously with context-dependent prioritization; (3) Structure-function relationships co-evolve rather than optimize for fixed targets; (4) The fractal, multiscale nature of physiological signals makes traditional optimization mathematically meaningless-there are no well-defined minima or maxima in fractal landscapes; (5) Optimality models implicitly invoke a homunculus that selects optimization criteria; and (6) The concept is methodologically circular and unfalsifiable, as any behavior can be retroactively modeled as optimal for some function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn N Y Acad Sci
September 2025
BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia, Spain.
Neural tracking, the alignment of brain activity with the temporal dynamics of sensory input, is a crucial mechanism underlying perception, attention, and cognition. While this concept has gained prominence in research on speech, music, and visual processing, its definition and methodological approaches remain heterogeneous. This paper critically examines neural tracking from both theoretical and methodological perspectives, highlighting how its interpretation varies across studies.
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