Peritoneal Dialysis in Italy: the 9th GPDP-SIN Census 2024. Twenty Years of Monitoring Peritoneal Dialysis.

We report here the results of the 9th National Census (Cs-24) of Peritoneal Dialysis in Italy, carried out in 2025 by the Italian Society of Nephrology's Peritoneal Dialysis Project Group and relating to 2024. The Census was conducted in the 228 non pediatric centers which performed Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) in 2024. The results have been compared with previous Censuses carried out since 2005. Incidence: in 2024, 1,398 patients (CAPD = 55.1%) started on PD (1st treatment for ESRD). PD was started incrementally by 40.2% of these in 155 Centers. The catheter was positioned exclusively by a Nephrologist in 19.2% of known cases. Prevalence: of the 4,322 patients on PD at 31/12/2024 (CAPD=43.7%), 21.4% were on assisted PD (family member caregiver: 86.2%). Out: in 2024 the PD dropout rate (ep/100 pt-yrs) was: 12.7 to HD; 9.7 death; 8.5 Tx. The main cause of transfer to HD remains peritonitis (21.8%), although it is still decreasing (Cs-05: 37.9%). Peritonitis/EPS: the incidence of peritonitis in 2024 was 0.164 ep/pt-yr (647 episodes). The incidence of new cases of EPS in 2023-24 (9 cases) was unchanged. Other results: 3.86%-PET remains the most widely-used test (58.1%); most of the Centers do not carry out Home Visits (54.1%); training is mainly carried out in-Center (49.1% of the Centers). Cs-24 confirms the good results PD is having in Italy, where it is experiencing a slight upturn.